Document Type : Review article
Authors
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1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit. Iraq, email: mk230024pve@st.tu.edu.iq
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2 Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Iraq
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3Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Iraq,
Abstract
Interest in exploring natural substances as alternative treatments for bowel diseases continues to grow. Although green synthesis has repeatedly been mentioned in stimulating both arms of the immune system, this has led to the attraction of inflammatory cells for healing colitis. This study aimed to assess the impact of green-synthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles and aqueous extract on enhancing immune and pathological defense mechanisms against colitis in rats. Sixty adult male rats were categorized into six groups at random, (G1) Acetic acid (4%) (1.5 ml/intrarectally(, (G2) normal saline, (G3) Prosopis farcta hydrochloric extract (400 mg/kg/orally), (G4) ZnO-NP of Prosopis farcta (400 mg/kg/orally), (G5) ZnO-NP of Prosopis farcta 400 mg/kg/ orally, in combination with sulfasalazine 100 mg/Kg/ orally) and (G6) sulfasalazine group. At the end of the experimental period (20 days), serum was taken for inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels), and the colon tissues were examined histologically. Results showed elevated serum levels of immunological biomarkers between treated and untreated groups. These indicators were observed in the (G1) group. The green synthesized group showed reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (15.148), IL1β (4.02) and IL-6 (7.88), compared with (G1) (79.968), (31.4) and (30.2), respectively. The enhanced immune response related to colon inflammation is improved with these effects, leading to the disappearance of many pathological lesions. This study revealed that the use of green-synthesized supplemented diets, especially in (400 mg/kg), could improve immune responses and protect the colon and reduce symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis.
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