Document Type : Research article
Authors
1
1Nanomaterial Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt, Postal Code: 264.
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2 Bacteriology Department, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production RLQP, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
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Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC),
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Serology Unit and Bacterial Strains Bank, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
Abstract
The global healthcare system is at risk due to antibiotic resistance. The study evaluates the antibacterial susceptibility of green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against Escherichia coli and Salmonella species from chicken farm waste, environment, and farmworkers. A total of 100 samples from chicken farms (15 feces, 75 poultry environments, and 10 workers’ hands) were isolated to identify bacterial strains. Disk diffusion was employed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of 28 bacterial isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was conducted on ZnO NPs against Salmonella species and E. coli and confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained results revealed that 20% were positive for E. coli, with serotypes O55:K59 (4), O44:K79 (3), O86:K61 (5), O126:K71 (4), and O111:K58 (4). Another 8% were positive for Salmonella species, with serotypes S. typhimurium (2), S. anatum(1), S. belegdam(2), S. montevideo (2), and S. lumberhurst (1). The majority of Salmonella and E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant to colistin (100%), amoxyclav (62.5%–80%), cefotaxime (75%–60%), sulpha and trimethoprim (50%–80%), gentamicin (75%–100%), amikacin (55%–57%), and ciprofloxacin (30%–70%), neomycin (87.5%–100%), levofloxacin (30–60%). The cytotoxicity IC50 of ZnO NPs was 130.3 µg/ml, with a zeta potential of +83.5 mV and a size of 6.35 nm, and the MIC was 5 mg/ml. The isolated Salmonella species and E. coli were validated using conventional PCR. The results showed that the ZnO NPs were more effective against Salmonella species than E. coli isolates. Eco-friendly ZnO NPs, when utilized as a treatment for multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella species, can replace conventional antibiotic treatments.
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