EVALUATION OF NANOCARRIERS-BASED ADJUVANT VACCINE AGAINST CORYZA AND SALMONELLOSIS INFECTIONS IN CHICKENS

IBRAHIM, H. M.; MOHAMMED, GINA M.; SAYED, RAFIK HAMED; AHMED, MARWA M.; ELSHOKY, HISHAM A.; EL SAYED, MARWA FATHY; ELSAADY, SHAIMAA ABDELALL

doi:10.21608/avmj.2025.332021.1453

EVALUATION OF NANOCARRIERS-BASED ADJUVANT VACCINE AGAINST CORYZA AND SALMONELLOSIS INFECTIONS IN CHICKENS

Document Type : Research article

Authors

¹ Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt.

² Central Laboratory for Evaluation for Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt.

³ Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. and Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

10.21608/avmj.2025.332021.1453

Abstract

An acute upper respiratory illness known as infectious coryza causes laying and breeding hens to produce significantly fewer eggs (10% to over 40%) and meat chickens to have greater culling rates. Vaccines are available that effectively control this disease. Control of Salmonella in poultry is crucial for public health, as it is a major cause of human food poisoning and a significant reservoir for Salmonella worldwide. Effective control of disease in chickens relies on improved biosecurity, best husbandry practices, vaccination and competitive exclusion products. The creation of vaccines has made extensive use of nanoparticles as adjuvants, antigen delivery systems, and antibacterial agents to render bacterial cultures inactive. This study examined the antibacterial capabilities of many nanomaterials, including zinc oxide (ZnO), chitosan (Cs), and chitosan-zinc oxide (Cs-ZnO), against Salmonella and A. paragallinarum. Using these nanomaterials at a 400 µg/ml concentration, combined A. paragallinarum and Salmonella vaccines were also developed to fight infectious coryza and salmonellosis. The findings showed that both pathogens were successfully inactivated at this dose (400 µg/ml). Additionally, this study showed that the highest antibody titer was created by a combination of vaccine adjuvanted with Cs-ZnO nanoparticles, followed by a combination of vaccine adjuvanted with ZnO nanoparticles and finally a combination of vaccine adjuvanted with Cs nanoparticles. It is clear that using Cs-ZnO nanocomposite as either an inactivator or adjuvant in vaccine production has a clear impact on the immune response of chickens against infectious coryza and salmonellosis.

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