CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PEST DES PETIT RUMINANTS VIRUS (PPRV) ON VERO CELLS

HASAN, EMAN A.M.; ABDEL-RAOF, HANAN S.; KHODEIR, MOHAMED H.; TAMAM, SABRY M.; MADBOULY, HANAFY M.

doi:10.21608/avmj.2025.318517.1383

CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PEST DES PETIT RUMINANTS VIRUS (PPRV) ON VERO CELLS

Document Type : Research article

Authors

¹ Department of Virology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Beni–Suef University, Egypt.

² Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Egypt

10.21608/avmj.2025.318517.1383

Abstract

Despite the Peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) causes high morbidity and mortality (100%), antiviral drugs aren’t available, so the aim of this study was to estimate the antiviral activity of some herbal plant aqueous extract (thyme, pomegranate peel, green tea, senna, rosemary, basil, majoram, anise, Saussurea costus and Moringa oliefera) against PPRV in vitro. Aqueous extracts were prepared at different temperatures (37, 70 and 100 ^oC), using different concentrations of the extract. The potential anti-PPRV virus activity of these extracts was assessed using the Cytopathic Effect (CPE) reduction assay. Only five of the tested herbal extracts showed inhibition of PPRV CPE on Vero cells. To identify the mode of antiviral action, the extracts were added to the cells or PPRV with simultaneous, pre-treatment and post treatment. Results revealed that thyme extract showed antiviral activity by simultaneous method only at 37 and 70 °C extract temperature. Rosemary not only exhibited a strong antiviral effect with simultaneous methods at 37 °C, but also had an antiviral effect with simultaneous and pre-treatment at 70 and 100 °C. Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) showed antiviral activity at the higher concentration (20 mg /ml) by all methods at all extract temperatures, and this indicates that PPE can be used as a crude powder without dilution and their ingredients are not affected by heating or boiling. Senna showed antiviral activity at higher concentrations by simultaneous and post-inoculation at all temperatures. Green tea showed the strongest antiviral activity with the post-treatment method at both 37 and 70 °C, while at 100 °C it showed an antiviral effect with all methods of inoculation at high concentrations. In conclusion, thyme, rosemary, senna, pomegranate and green tea have antiviral activity against PPR virus even at lower concentration.

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