Studies on Vibrio Alginolyticus Infection Among Some Red Sea Fishes at Hurghada

El-Sayed, Mohamed Raafat; Osman, Ahmed Elsayed; Emam, Arafah M.; Abd El-Galil, Mohamed; Sayed, Haitham Helmy

doi:10.21608/avmj.2021.92525.1011

Studies on Vibrio Alginolyticus Infection Among Some Red Sea Fishes at Hurghada

Document Type : Research article

Authors

¹ Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

² Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

³ National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Egypt.

⁴ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

10.21608/avmj.2021.92525.1011

Abstract

Bacteria are the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among wild fishes. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) is one of the most serious fish pathogens. This study was performed to investigate prevalence of V. alginolyticus infection among six species of Red Sea fishes at Hurghada city, Egypt through clinical and bacteriological examinations and to determine pathogenicity of the isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibilities and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) against V. alginolyticus. Therefore, a total number of 180 fish from these six fish species (30 fish of each species) were randomly collected from the Red Sea at Hurghada city during the period from October 2019 to March 2020 and subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations. Based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, 64 (35.6%) homogenous V. alginolyticus isolates were isolated and phenotypically identified from the examined fishes with prevalence of (26.7%), (20%), (63.3%), (36.7%), (23.3%) and (43.3%) among Lutjanus ehrenbergii (L. ehrenbergii), Lethrinus borbonicus (L. borbonicus), Siganus rivulatus (S. rivulatus), Rhabdosargus haffara (R. haffara), Scarus ghobban (S. ghobban) and Cheilinus lunulatus (C. lunulatus) fishes respectively. Afterthat, V. alginolyticus was cofirmed as V. alginolyticus by 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis and it was deposited in GenBank as V. alginolyticus MR-C17 (GenBank accession no. MW790239). The V. alginolyticus infected fishes exhibited skin dark coloration, scales loss, hemorrhages on several parts of the body surface, mouth, base of fins.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Fish production, Aquarium management, and Aquatic Animal Medicine

References

Abdallah, E.M. and Abdalla, W.E. (2018): Black pepper fruit (Piper nigrum L.) as antibacterial agent: A mini-review. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology, 6(2): 141-145.

Abdel-Aziz, M.; Eissa, A.E.; Hanna, M. and Abou Okada, M. (2013): Identifying some pathogenic Vibrio/Photobacterium species during mass mortalities of cultured Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from some Egyptian coastal provinces. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 1(2): 87-95.

Abd El-Galil, M.A.A. and Hashem, M.M. (2012): First isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus from ornamental bird wrasse fish (Gomphosus caeruleus) of the Red Sea in Egypt. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 7(6), 461.

Abd El Tawab, A.; Ibrahim A.M. and Sittien, A. (2018): Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vibrio species isolated from marine fishes. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 34 (1): 79-93.

American Veterinary Medical Association (A.A.V.M) (2007): AVMA guidelines on euthanasia.

Abou El-Atta, E.M. and El-Ekiaby, T.W. (2012): Prevalence of bacterial infection associated with Caligus infestation in cultured Mugil cephalus with trial to control. Abbassa International Journal of Aquaculture, 5 (1): 415-440.

Arafah, M.E.; Hashem, M.; Omar, A.G. and Haridy, M. (2019): An outbreak of Vibrio alginolyticus infection in aquarium-maintained dark-spotted (Himantura uarnak) and Tahitian (H. fai) stingrays. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 45:153-155.

Ardic, N. and Ozyurt, M. (2004): Case report: Otitis due to Vibrio alginolyticus. Mikrobiyol Bul., 38(1–2): 145-148.

Austin, B. and Austin, D.A. (1987): Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild 1^st Ed. Ellis Horwood Limited.

Austin, B. and Austin, D.A. (2007): Characteristics of the diseases. Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish, 4^th Ed, 15-46.

Beleneva, I.A.; Maslennikova, E.F. and Magarlamov, T.Y. (2004): Physiological and biochemical characteristics of the halophilic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus isolated from marine invertebrates of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 30(2): 96-100.

Bogorodsky, S.V. and Randall, J.E. (2019): Endemic Fishes of the Red Sea. In: Oceanographic and Biological Aspects of the Red Sea, Rasul, N.M.A. and Stewart, I.C.F. (eds.), 1^st Ed, Springer Oceanography, Switzerland.

Buller, N.B. (2004): Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual. 1^st Ed, Cabi Publishing.

Cao, J.; Zhang, J.; Ma, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, W. and Li, J. (2018): Identification of fish source Vibrio alginolyticus and evaluation of its bacterial ghosts vaccine immune effects. Microbiologyopen, 7 (3): 1-11.

Clarridge, J.E. (2004): Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Clinical microbiology reviews, 17, 840-862.

CLSI (2006): Methods for Antimicrobial Broth Dilution and Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated From Aquatic Animals. 2^nd Ed. CLSI guideline VET03. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Coquet, L.; Cosette, P.; Quillet, L.; Petit, F.; Junter, G. and Jouenne, T. (2002): Occurrence and phenotypic characterization of Y. ruckeri strains with biofilm-forming capacity in a rainbow trout farm. Appl. Environ. Microb., 68:470-475.

Costinar, L.; Herman, V.; Pascu, C.; Marcu, A.; Marcu, A. and Faur B. (2010): Isolation and characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus and Pasteurella spp. from Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser Baerii). Lucrări Stiinłifice Medicină Veterinară, Vol. Xliii (1), Timisoara.

El-Sayed, M.; Algammal, A.; Abouel-Atta, M.; Mabrok, M. and Emam, A. (2019): Pathogenicity, genetic typing, and antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii. Rev. Med. Vet, 170: 80-86.

Elsayed, M.; Essawy, M.; Shabana, I.; Abou El-Atta, M. and EL-Banna, N. (2018):Studies on bacterial pathogens in some marine fishes in EL-Mansoura, Egypt. Amer. J. Agric. Biol. Sci, 13 (1): 9-15.

FAO, F. (2012): agriculture organization of the United Nations. FAO Statistical Yearbook.

Frank, J.A.; Reich, C.I.; Sharma, S.; Weisbaum, J.S.; Wilson, B.A. and Olsen, G.J. (2008):Critical evaluation of two primers commonly used for amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74 (8): 2461-2470.

Hassan, H.B.A.; Mohamed, E.A.; Abdel Fatah H.Y. and Mohamed. K.A.
(2019): An analytical economic study of fish production in Egypt. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 8 (1): 139-152.

Holt, J.G.; Krieg, N.R.; Sneath, P.H.; Staley, J.T. and Williams, S.T. (1994): Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9^th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.

Khalil, F. and Emeash, H. (2018): Behavior and stereotypies of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33 (4): 124-130.

Kujur, P. and Parganiha, A. (2013): Social interaction in fish: A Brief Review. Journal of Ravishankar University-B, 24 (26): 26-34.

Kumar, S.; Stecher, G. and Tamura, K. (2016):MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33 (7): 1870-1874.

Lee, E.Y.; Lee, T.K.; Park, T.S.; Oh, S.H.; Park, K.H.; Figueras, M.J. and Chang, C.L. (2003): Misidentification of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria as Vibrio alginolyticus by the Vitek system. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 37 (4): 349-353.

Liu, P.; Lin, J.; Hsiao, P. and Lee, K. (2004):Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus from diseased cobia Rachycentron canadum. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 44 (1): 23-28.

Mancuso, M.; Genovese, M.; Guerrera, M.C.; Casella, G.; Genovese, L.; Piccolo, G. and Maricchiolo, G. (2015): First episode of vibriosis in wild specimens of Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) in the Mediterranean Sea. Cah. Biol. Mar, 56: 355-361.

Martins, C.I.M.; Galhardo, L.; Noble, C.; Damsgård, B.; Spedicato, M.T.; Zupa, W.; Beauchaud, M.; Kulczykowska, E.; Massabuau, J.-C. and Carter, T. (2012):Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38 (1): 17-41.

Mohanty, B.R. and Sahoo, P.K. (2007): Edwardsiellosis in fish: a brief review. Journal of Biosciences, 32 (3): 1331-1344.

Noga, E.J. (1996): Fish Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. 1^st Ed, Mosby Yearbook, Inc. Weslin Industrial Drive.

Polz, M.F. and Cavanaugh, C.M. (1998): Bias in template-to-product ratios in multitemplate PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64 (10): 3724-3730.

Qiang, C; Qing, Y. and Shen M.A. (2006): Progress on pathogenicity research of Vibrio alginolyticus. Ann. Rev. Marine Sci., 30: 83-89.

Rameshkumar, P.; Nazar, A.K.A.; Pradeep, M.A.; Kalidas, C.; Jayakumar, R.; Tamilmani, G.; Sakthivel, M.; Samal, A.K., Sirajudeen, S. and Venkatesan, V. (2017): Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus from sea cage cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766) in India. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 65 (5): 423-430.

Sadok, K.; Mejdi, S; Nourhen, S. and Amin, B. (2013): Phenotyping characterization and RAPD fingerprinting of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus isolated during Tunisian fish farm outbreaks. Folia Microbiol., 58 (1): 17-26.

Salamone, M.; Nicosia, A.; Ghersi, G. and Tagliavia, M. (2019): Vibrio proteases for biomedical applications: modulating the proteolytic secretome of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus for improved enzymes production. Microorganisms, 7 (10), 387.

Schäperclaus, W. (1992): Fish diseases (Vol. 1). CRC Press. Pp. 120-122.

Sangeetha, G.; Rajeshwari, S. and Venckatesh, R. (2012): Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 22 (6): 693–700.

Supansa, B.; Natthawan, S. and Varaporn, V. (2015): Extracellular enzymes produced by Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from environments and diseased aquatic animals. Procedia Chemistry. 18: 12-17.

Younes, A.M.; Fares, M.O.; Gaafar, A.Y. and Mohamed, L.A. (2016): Isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus strains from cultured Oreochromis niloticus around Qarun Lake, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 16 (1): 1-5.

Zhang, X. and Austin, B. (2005): Haemolysins in Vibrio species. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98 (5): 1011-1019.