PARAMETERS BROILER

BAIZ SAEED, ROZHGAR

doi:10.21608/avmj.2016.169984

PARAMETERS BROILER

Document Type : Research article

Author

ROZHGAR BAIZ SAEED

Faculty of Agriculural Sciences, Sulaimani University

10.21608/avmj.2016.169984

Abstract

The impacts of feeding time on the performance of broiler chicks at 28,35 and 42 days has been proceeded. A total 120 one day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were reared on feed having 21.8% protein and 3049 kcal metabolizable energy/kg for 14 days. At the beginning of the third week, the chicks were assigned to four treatments through four grops. Each group contains 30 chicks and have three replieates. The first group (T1) was fed ad libitum and considered as control, while the second group (T2) was fed at 3.30 pm (once daily for 1 hour). The third group (T3), was fed at 8.30 pm (once daily for 1 hour) and the fourth group (T4) was fed at 3.30 and 8.30pm. Four chickens had been slaughtered (2 male and female) aged 28, 35 and 42 days for each replicate in each treatment. Per slaughter live weight, the weights of the carcass and weights of each of the breast, thigh, wings, heart, liver and gizzard and finally the legs were taken away proportion of dressing, breast, thigh, wings, heart, liver and gizzard and attributed to the weights of the carcass and extract Alenci percentage legged forgotten weight to the neighborhood. The result revealed that no significant differences were noticeable in the final body weight, carcass weight and dressing proportion at 28<35 and 42 day of age. At, 35d, group 2had superior (P≤0.05) breast proportion yields and control had superior (P ≤0.05) heart Percentage.

Keywords

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Assiut University web-site: www.aun.edu.eg

THE IMPACTS OF FEEDING TIME ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS

PARAMETERS BROILER

ROZHGAR BAIZ SAEED

Faculty of Agriculural Sciences, Sulaimani University

Received: 17 April 2016; Accepted: 24 May 2016

ABSTRACT

Key words: Feeding Time, Performance, Broiler

INTRODUCTION

Trade of nutritional ingredients tends to fluctuate it is the fact offree market economy. Over the past decade, theprices of poultry feed ingredients had been increased dramatically. An increasing in the price of feed may be attribute to the little supply and according to huge industrial and human needs. The cost of poultry dietswith the growing prices of feed ingredients, managing, is beingsubstantial. Poultry diets cost is a major problem as nutrition cost ranges from 50 to 60% and 65 to 75% of the total cost of production in the developed countries, respectively (Tackie and Flenscher, 1995 and Nworgu et al., 1999), but for many producers this number is now higher. Poultry feedhave intensified the needed for utilizing substitutions nutrition ingredients other than human, agriculture and industrial uses (Fanimo et al., 2007; Al-Ruqaie et al., 2011 and Shafey et al., 2011). Overwhelmingly, these ingredients are obtainable locally at relatively low prices. Substitutions feed ingredients may offer more options for poultry nutritionists to formulate diets.

Corresponding author: Dr. ROZHGAR BAIZ SAEED

E-mail address: zaidalhakim@gmail.com

Present address: Faculty of Agriculural Sciences, Sulaimani University.

Genetic improvement, as well as maximizing live performance inpoultry production, let a reduction of age to market. Thedefinition of genetic line and market age is connected to marketdemands for various product types, in addition to production costs. Over the last decades, eating behavior have changed, with anintense priority for meat cuts and processed meat, and as a resultthe market of chicken cuts has surpassed the entire bird market. This has lead to later-finishing birds for the production of trade cuts because larger birds shows higher yield (Mendes et al., 2001). There is a stringent requirement to increase efforts of reducing nutrition cost without compromising the final product. One possible nutrition AL strategy of reducing nutrition cost is to keep under control, nutrition amount of the birds in the early phase of life. (Novel, 2009). Even though some studies have specified the effect of early nutrition restriction on carcass fat contents and feed efficiency (Plavnik and Hurwitz, 1991), Legproblems and total mortality (Robinson et al., 1992 and Saleh et al., 1996) and metabolic diseases (Arce et al., 1992) in broiler chickens, there is few or limited information concerning the usage of early feed restriction as nutritional approach to reduce cost of poultry feed.

To reduce these problemsfeed restriction has been suggestion, so. Early feedrestriction programs usingto reducing abdominal and carcass fat in broiler chickens depend onthe phenomenon called compensatory development or catch up growth to manufacture market body weight comparable to control groups, Compensatory evolution or catch-up growth is defined as abnormally speedy growth close to age. Food restrictionin poultry has been usually used to decrease metabolic disorders (e.g., ascents), control body weight, and reducereproductive problems in both meat-type and egg-typechickens (Zubair and Leeson, 1994; Fassbinder and Karasov, 2006).

The disapproval of this study was to find out the impact of Feeding time on performance, carcass parameters and economics at various market age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was precededat the Bakrajo Poultry Breeding Field, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani. 120 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were housed in well ventilated room alreadyantiseptic. at the first two weeks, all chicks were fed a regular starter diet contains 21.8% crude protein and 3049 kcal metabolizable energy/kg feed. At the start of the third week, all chicks were weighed and divided randomly into four experimental groups, each with 3- replicates (10 birds per replicate). The first group was control (ad libitum feeding) while the second group (T1) was feed at 3.30 pm for one hour. The third group (T2) was fed at 8.30 pm for one hour, and the fourth group (T3) was fed at 3.30 and 8.30 pm for one hour per each period. The light was kept at 16 L: 8d. All the birds were fed a regular standard feed as described in recommended protocol (NRC, 1994).

Studied characteristics

Four randomaly selected birds (2 male and female) aged 28, 35 and 42 days for each replicate were slaughtered. Pre-slaughter weight, weight of dressing, breast, lenght, wings, heart, liver, legsand gizzard were recorded, the proportion of, breast, lenght, wings, heart, liver, legsand gizzard were calculated.

Statistical analysis

Data were analyzed using XLStat (Version 7.5, 2004). The following model was used: Yij = μ+ Ti+ eij

Where:

μ = The overall means of traits

Ti = The impact of treatments (C, T1, T2 and T3)

eij= Random error, assumed to be equal to zero and

variance is б2e (N~ 0, б2e)

The considerable differences between means of traits included in this study were specified using Duncan's multiple range test under the probability (P<0.05) (Duncan, 1955).

RESULTS

Table 1 shawed that the affect of feeding time on production indexat 28, 35 and 42 day of age. At 28 day, there was significant difference (P ≤0.05) btween different treatment group in production index and was high in T2 at 28 day, T1 at 35 day and T3 at 42 day.

Table 1: Impact of feeding time on production index (g; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	production index
663.34^b±54.71	472.71^b±122.95	314.44^c±64.84	control
950.71 ^ab±26.95	801.27 ^a±25.12	964.57 ^ab±122.99	T1
992.28 ^ab±117.69	661.65 ^ab±179.64	1129.25^a±11.31	T2
1054.84^a±76.54	606.51 ^ab±222.21	654.21^bc±7.64	T3

C: control group; T1: feeding at 3.30 pm, T2: feeding at 8.30 pm; T3: feeding at 3.30 and 8.30 pm; a,b Values within columns.

followed by different letters differ significantly (P≤0.05).

Table 2,3 and 4 illustrated the impact of feeding time on final body weight, carcass weight and dressing proportion of broilers at 28, 35 and 42 d. No considerable differences were foundin final body weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage.

Tble 2: Impact of feeding time on body weight (g; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Body weight
2806.50^a±179.98	2156.67^a±163.22	1455.00^a±114.07	control
2864.00^a±264.32	2106.25^a±159.67	1329.33^a±39.16	T1
3127.00^a±120.85	2052.00^a±234.12	1309.00^a±32.52	T2
2808.00^a±269.89	2020.25^a±311.75	1400.00^a±23.33	T3

At 28 day, chicken in the second treatmet had superior (P≤0.05) production index. At 35 days of age, the production index of the first treatment had signficantly increased than other treatment. Production index in the third treatment was signficantly higher at 42 days of age.

Table 3: Impact of feeding time on carcass weight (g; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Carcass weight
2410.75^a±148.04	1771.33^a±118.41	1226.50^a±94.49	control
2502.50^a±234.84	1770.75^a±138.84	1210.00^a±74.92	T1
2733.25^a±126.92	1673.00^a±20.01	1111.33^a±10.69	T2
2489.50^a±257.10	1566.25^a±237.17	1180.67^a±61.34	T3

Table 4: Impact offeedingtime ondressing percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	dressing percentage
85.96^a±0.67	82.27^a±1.27	84.34^a±0.47	control
87.36^a±0.54	84.07^a±0.32	91.24^a±3.62	T1
87.34^a±1.09	77.52^a±7.28	84.92^a±1.42	T2
88.52^a±0.92	83.01^a±1.89	84.31^a±3.43	T3

Feet propotionin relation to body weight thight of broilers at 28, 35 and 42 d are shown in Table 5. At35 d, treatment 3 had superior (P≤0.05) feet propotion, At 28 d, there was no significant difference in feet percentage with body weight (P≥0.05) across treatments. No significant differences were foundin feet propotion of carcass weight across treatments at 42 d of age.

Table 5: Impact offeeding timeonfeet percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Percentage of feet
4.15^a±0.38	3.91 ^ab±0.29	3.78^a±0.16	control
3.86^a±0.31	3.73 ^b±0.45	3.66^a±0.10	T1
3.61^a±0.12	4.46 ^ab±0.51	3.47^a±0.34	T2
4.11^a±0.39	4.93^a±0.48	3.99^a±0.41	T3

Table 6 and 7 showed the impact of feeding time on wing andthigh propotion of 28, 35 and 42 d. There was no significant difference between different treatment groups in percentages of wing and thigh.

Table 6: Impact of feeding timeonwing percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Wing Percentage
8.85^a±0.12	9.51^a±0.62	10.86^a±2.12	control
8.73^a±0.41	8.28^a±0.64	9.38^a±0.33	T1
8.28^a±0.30	8.93^a±0.12	9.50^a±0.20	T2
8.94^a±0.51	8.57^a±1.18	9.64^a±0.17	T3

Table 7: Impact of different feeding timeonthigh percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Thighpercentage
12.15^a±0.16	12.12^a±0.12	12.35^a±1.80	control
11.56^a±0.15	11.69^a±0.42	11.59^a±0.45	T1
11.51^a±0.67	12.47^a±4.44	11.87^a±0.47	T2
12.15^a±0.21	15.53^a±0.94	11.55^a±0.33	T3

Breast percentage of broilers at 28, 35 and 42 d are shown in Table 8. At 35 day, birds in the treatment 1 had superior (P ≤0.05) breast percentage yields. At 28 and 42 day, there was no considerable difference in breast meat yield (P ≥0.05) across treatments.

Table 8: Impact of feeding timeonbreast percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	Breast percentage
28.73^a±0.79	27.10 ^ab±1.75	26.91^a±2.01	control
29.00^a±1.37	29.72^a±0.41	27.34^a±2.12	T1
27.41^a±1.91	27.17 ^ab±1.26	25.38^a±0.35	T2
29.95^a±1.10	26.27 ^b±2.13	25.38^a±1.40	T3

Table 9,10 and 11 revealed theimpact of feeding time on heart, liver and gizzardpercentages in relation towith carcass weight at 28, 35 and 42 days. No considerable differences were observed in heat, liver and gizzard percentages at 28 days of age. At 35 day, t1 group had superior (P ≤0.05) heart and gizzardpercentages. No considerable differences were noticed in heart, gizzard and liver percentages of carcass weight among treatments at 42 d of age.

Table 9: Impact of feeding time onheart percentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	heart Percentage
0.56^a±0.04	0.75^ab±0.07	0.76^a±0.10	control
0.57^a±0.04	0.87 ^a±0.05	0.72^a±0.04	T1
0.54^a±0.01	0.64 ^b±0.03	0.69^a±0.05	T2
0.58^a±0.02	0.65 ^b±0.03	0.62^a±0.07	T3

Table 10: Impact of feeding time onliverpercentage (%; mean ± SE)

42	35	28	liver Percentage
2.80^a±0.13	2.60^a±0.24	3.18^a±0.40	control
2.39^a±0.22	2.89^a±0.59	3.03^a±0.17	T1
2.69^a±0.10	3.43^a±0.30	2.84^a±0.08	T2
2.60^a±0.25	2.59^a±0.96	3.19^a±0.23	T3

Table 11: Impact of feeding timeongizzard percentage (%; mean ± SE).

42	35	28	Gizzardpercentage
2.46^a±0.25	3.26^a±0.47	3.27^a±0.08	control
2.60^a±0.31	2.23^a±0.16	3.39^a±0.13	T1
2.82^a±0.22	2.51^a±0.22	3.83^a±0.09	T2
2.53^a±0.32	2.68^a±0.18	3.44^a±0.10	T3

DISCUSSION

Feeding time influenced body weight, and most carcass characteristics. The degree of change in these parameters rely on the stage of feed restriction used. In the current study, it was noticed that intermittent feeding system given either once daily or twice day produced better results in compared to ad libitum feeding. Furthermore, it was noticed that the two intermittent system of feeding used in this study had no considerable difference.

Concerning tocarcass weight there was no considerable differences in this study. Similarly, other workers were incapable to demonstrate whole compensatory growth of broiler chickens which had been subjected to similar degrees of feed restriction (Pinchasov et al., 1985; Plavnik et al., 1986; Calvert et al., 1987; Pinchasov and Jensen, 1989 and Yu et al., 1990). Leeson et al. (1991), reported that totalbody weight recovery by all treatment groups by 42 days of age with no change in total efficiency. Carcass characteristics were also not influenced by early life under nutrition. Jones and Farrell (1992) restricted broiler chickens to only 2.9 KJ/kg0.67, a level much more severe than that recommended by Plavnik and Hurwitz (1989) and reported total body weight recovery at 48 days of age.

Breast proportion of carcass weight decreased linearly at 42 d in response to restriction. No considerable differences were notice in breast proportion of carcass weight across treatments at 42 d of age. Similar results were obtained by (Urdaneta-Rincon and leson, 2002).

CONCLUSION

Production index and quantitative breast were significantly reduced by feed restriction.leg, and wing yields expressed as a proportion of the carcass werenot significantly influenced by feed restriction.

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تاثير وقت تقديم العلف على الاداء الانتاجي وصفات الذبيحة لفروج اللحم

روزکار بايز سعيد

Email: zaidalhakim@gmail.com Assiut University web-site: www.aun.edu.eg

تم دراسة تغير اوقات اعطاء العلف على الاداء الانتاجي لفروج اللحم ، استخدم في التجربة عدد 120 فرخة بعمر يوم واحد, من نوع(Ross 308) ووتمت تغذيتها على عليقة مکونة من بروتين 21.8٪ و 3049 کيلو کالوري الطاقة ممثلة / کغ لمدة (أسبوعين) 14 يوما. في بداية الأسبوع الثالث، تم توزيع الافراخ على اربعة معاملات وثلاث مکررات لکل معاملة. تحتوي کل مجموعة 30 فرخة في کل معاملة. وکانت المجموعة الأولى معاملة السيطرة (T1) وتمت التغذية بشکل حر، المجموعة الثانية (T2) تم تغذية العلف في الساعة 03:30 (مرة واحدة يوميا لمدة 1 ساعة)، والمجموعة الثالثة (T2)، وکان وقت التغذية 08:30 (مرة واحدة يوميا لمدة 1 ساعة) والمجموعة الرابعة(T3) وکان وقت التغذية في 3.30 و 8:30 . تم ذبح الدجاج باعمار 28 و 35 و 42 يوما ولکل مکرر 4 طيور(2ذکر و2انثى). تم قياس الاوزان الحية، واوزان الذبيحة وأوزان کل من الصدر والفخذ، وألاجنحة والقلب والکبد نسبة الى اوزان الذبيحة والأحشاء الغير ماکولة والساقين نسبة الى الاوزان الحية. تأثير تغير اوقات التغذية على وزن الجسم النهائي، وزن الذبيحة ونسبة تصافي فروج اللحم باعمار 28 و 35 و 42 يوما. لم يظهر فروقات معنوية للاوزان الحية والذبيحة ونسبة التصافي ولکن هناک فروقات معنوية لدليل الانتاجي ونسبة الصدر (P ≤0.05) ، وکان هناک فروقات معنوية لنسبة القلب. في 35 يوما کانت هناک فروقات معنوية (P ≤0.05) لنسبة القانصة بين المعاملات.

References