Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON THE POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RETINA OF ALBINO RAT13220117610.21608/avmj.2005.201176ENM.M.SALEHDepartment of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.A.H.ABD-ELHAKIMDepartment of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityHODAA. MOHAMADDepartment of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.HALAZEIN EL-ABDEIN MOHAMEDDepartment of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.Journal Article20050929SUMMARY
The retina is the photoreceptor organ and is divided into ten layers which contain the neuronal elements (photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglion cells). Monosodium glutamate is a widely used food additive as it enters in the preparation of many food types. It is the salt of glutamic acid, which is a non essential amino acid that can be synthesized in the human tissue. The aim of the present work is to detect the early and delayed effects of monosodium glutamate on the retina of neonatal albino rats by using histological and ultra structural techniques. A total number of 24 animals aged 2 days postnatal were used in this study. Twelve animals were used as controls and injected with saline. The other 12 animals were treated subcutaneously with 4mg/gm body weight monosodium glutamate from the 2<sup>nd</sup> to the 18<sup>th</sup> day postnatal. The retina of six treated animals was examined in the next day after the last dose of treatment to detect the early effect of monosodium glutamate administration. The retina of the remaining six of the treated animals was examined later on at the age of 2 months to detect the delayed effect of monosodium glutamate. The semi-thin sections showed significant reduction in the thickness of different layers of the retina of the treated groups as compared with the control. This reduction was more marked in the treated 2 months age group as compared with the treated 19 days age group. This reduction in the thickness was detected by using statistical analysis using student t-test. On the ultra structural level manifestation of degeneration and cell death are observed in the treated groups. These include distortion in the shapes and dimensions of the cells and nuclei, marked vacuolization of the cytoplasm and destruction of the cell organelles. These monosodium glutamate induced ultra structural changes were prominent in the inner nuclear layer as well as in the ganglionic cell layer. Also these changes were more obvious in the older animals. It is concluded that monosodium glutamate has a toxic effect on different layers of the retina. This effect was more marked in the inner nuclear and ganglionic cell layers. In addition the late effect was more marked than the early effect.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_201176_67d1e1ca91af4b226bea045c89e834af.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051001EFFECT OF SOME DAILY MANAGEMENTAL FACTORS ON APPEARANCE OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH STATUS OF DONKEYS426617664410.21608/avmj.2005.176644ENMADEHAH.A. DARWISHDepartment of Animal Hygiene
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityM.A.ABDEL-RAHMANDepartment of Animal Hygiene
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20050920Five non pregnant, non lactating she-donkeys of about 5 years in age and 250 kg in weight were used in this invest<span style="text-decoration: underline;">i</span>gation. Animals were tied under shed in an open yard with a concrete floor belonging to the
experimental farm of faculty of veterinary medicine, Assiut University. They were ad libitum fed a maintenance ration. Drinking water was freely available allover the experiment. Donkeys were subjected to four experimental trials, two weeks each (bedding the floor, offering Barseem hay with the ration, watering each two days and housing inside closed pens). Behavior of the experimented animals was recorded. Moreover, their health status and some of blood parameters were estimated. The obtained results indicated that, managemental factors related to the time spent in the stable showed the strongest associations with stereotypic and abnormal behavior. Some of these conditions were considered as a stressful factor and reflected prominently on the animal's health status and blood parameters. Therefore, changes in the management program within the equine farms should be avoided to provide the animals with a comfortable situation.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_176644_13d97176b1889a274bf8dad820913cdd.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030MYXOBOLUS INFESTATION IN OVARIES OF SHARPTOOTH CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS11217802110.21608/avmj.2005.178021ENA.A.ELKAMELDept. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University, EgyptA.TANTAWYDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Moshtohor, Banha University, EgyptJournal Article20050926The main aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and postmortem findings, seasonal prevalence, and histopathological alterations that are caused by probably a new species of <em>Myxobolus</em> in ovaries of sharptooth catfish,<em> Clarias gariepinus</em>, in Assiut, Egypt. Out of 120 fish examined over one year (2004), ovaries of only 15 (12.5 %) fish were infested with macroscopic <em>Myxobolus</em> cysts (plasmodia and host cyst) that were embedded in the connective tissue among ova. Prevalence of infestation started low in late autumn and increased over winter and reached maximum in early spring. Infestation was not recorded in summer. Six (40%) out of the infested fish had <em>Myxobolus</em> cysts in only one ovary, meanwhile, the reminder (60%) of infested fish had both ovaries infested. Also, intensity of infestation gradually increased over winter and was maximal in early spring, but abruptly declined in summer. Microscopic examination of plasmodia showed numerous typical <em>Myxobolus</em> spores at various developmental stages. Mature spores are oval in shape with two anteriorly located polar capsules that have 4-5 coils of polar filaments. Microscopic examination of infested ovaries revealed that <em>Myxobolus</em> plasmodia were encapsulated within a thin connective tissue layer of host reaction. <em>Myxobolus</em> cysts compress neighboring tissues causing atrophy of ova and local circulatory disturbances. Based on the tissue location of plasmodia and morphological character of the mature spores, the parasite in the present study might be a new species.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178021_6413913a1afabc2128c327801feed696.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051010CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SEA FOOD SPOILAGE13017802210.21608/avmj.2005.178022ENMERVATKAMAL IBRAHIM RAGABDept. of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute
Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20050908A total of 100 samples (25 of each) of Mackerel fish (Scomber scombrus), Horse mackerel (Treacherous tracharus), Silver hake (Merluccinus bilinearis) and Shrimp (Penus kerathurus) were purchased from fishermen in Alexandria and stored at 0°C (held on ice), 4°C (refrigerator) and –10°C (home freezer), for as long as acceptable to study how time and temperature affect the quality and acceptability of fish and shellfish. Changes in the quality of fish were determined by chemical analyses which were correlated with sensory evaluation made by an experienced panel. Results from this study were compared to chemical analytical and sensory results from a corresponding study to follow changes in the quality of fish and shellfish during cold storage after harvest. Our results indicated that the iced mackerel fish (held on ice) retained its good quality characteristics for about one day post harvest. After four days, Mackerel fish quality decreased and reached the limit of unacceptability at sixth day of storage. Sensory score results of refrigerated and frozen fish showed that, it was considered organoleptically putrid (compeletly spoiled), after three days of storage at 4°C and after 12 months of storage at –10°C. Concerning Horse mackerel fish, it was of excellent quality at the fifth day of storage at 0°C, at first day of storage at 4°C and after one month of frozen storage, and it became spoiled, at the 15<sup>th</sup> day, 6<sup>th</sup> day and 13<sup>th</sup> month of storage at 0,4 and -10°C, respectively. However, in case of Silver hake, sensory score results showed that at the second day of storage at 0 and 4°C, it began to loss its quality (border line) and became compeletely spoiled at sixth and fifth days of storage at 0 and 4°C, respectively, and at the 14<sup>th</sup> month of frozen storage (-10°C). Regarding, Shrimp quality, it was of excellent quality for one day of storage at 0°C and became compeletly spoiled at 6<sup>th</sup> day of storage, at the mean time, shrimp stored at 4 and -10°C showed compelete signs of spoilage after one day and one month., respectively. Results of chemical analyses of the examined fish and shellfish indicated that the mean highest total volatile nitrogen (TVN) (118.30 mg/100gm) was found in shrimp stored at –10 °C for one month while the lowest (18.78mg/100gm) was in fresh Silver hake fish. Concerning lipid spoilage parameters, Silver hake fish stored for 14 months at –10 °C showed the highest mean values of free fatty acids (FFA) (4.63 ml/gm), acid value (AV) (9.260ml/gm), fresh mackerel fish had the highest level of conjugated dienes (CD) (0.122n.mole/mg), while Shrimp stored at –10 °C for one month had the highest mean values of thiobarbeturic acid value TBA (6.542mgMA/kg). At the same time, fresh Horse mackerel fish showed the lowest mean values of FFA (0.554 mg/ml), TBA (0.339 mgMA/kg and AV (1.108ml/gm), while Mackerel stored at –10 °C for 12 month showed the lowest value of CD (0.009n mole/mg). Results of shelf life of the examined fish during cold storage indicated that iced Mackerel was inedible after 6 days, refrigerated one was putrid after 3 days and frozen mackerel had spoiled after 12 months. Regarding horse mackerel fish, shelf life was 15,6 days for iced and refrigerated storage and 13 months for frozen storage. However, Silver hake had shelf life of 6,5 days for iced, refrigerated storage and 14 months of frozen storage. In case of Shrimp, complete spoilage began after 6,1 days, I month of storage at 0,4 and –10 °C, respectively. Statistical analytical results indicated the presence of strong correlation between sensory scores and chemical parameters in all the examined fish and shellfish during storage period.
https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178022_6306c1048a247fb8bdbc0bb4e6959e6c.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051020COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NUTRIENTS AND FATTY ACIDS PROFILES OF OSTRICH, DUCK AND CHICKEN EGGS1717802310.21608/avmj.2005.178023ENOMIMAM. DIABAnimal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20050911Ostrich eggs are studied chemically in the process of investigating their suitability for table consumption. Some comparisons are made between ostrich eggs and those of chicken and duck eggs. The obtained results indicated that the contents of ostrich eggs are similar to those of other chicken and duck eggs in term of proportion of main components and chemical composition. Moreover fatty acid profiles compared between ostrich, chicken and duck eggs revealed that ostrich eggs have reduced portions of monounsaturated fatty acids and increased portion of saturated fatty acids as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although the production of fresh ostrich eggs for consumption is currently not seen as having great potential. There appears to be no reason why those not used as hatching eggs should not be utilized for the human consumptionhttps://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178023_9ca8970a18f599969038245b51cb9c40.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051020OCCURRENCE OF SOME PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN SHEEP'S AND GOAT'S MILK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LIPOLYTIC AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF THE ISOLATED BACILLUS CEREUS11217803010.21608/avmj.2005.178030ENEMANKORASHYAnimal Health Research Institute
Assiut Regional LaboratorySOHEIR ZEINEL-ABDEINAnimal Health Research Institute
Assiut Regional LaboratoryH.GAD EL-RABAnimal Health Research Institute, Sohag Regional LaboratoryJournal Article20050911A total of 60 random samples of sheep's and goat's milk (30 of each) were collected from different farmer's houses in Assiut Governorate and examined for the occurrence of <em>B. cereus, S. aureus</em> and <em>C. perfringens</em>, as well as, the lipolytic and proteolytic activities of the isolated <em>B. cereus</em>. Results indicated that <em>B. cereus</em> were existed in 56.67 and 73.33% of the examined samples with averages 6.13x10<sup>2</sup> and 6.4x10<sup>2</sup>/ml, while, <em>C. perfringers</em> revealed from 20, 10% with 3.5x10 and 2.7x10/ml as averages in sheep's and goat's milk samples, respectively. However, <em>S. aureus</em> counts could not be detected in the examined samples of sheep's and goat's milk, respectively. The isolated <em>B. cereus</em> from sheep's and goat's milk proved that 52.94 and 77.27% of the isolated organisms were positive for lipolytic activity and 17.64 and 4.54% had a proteolytic activity, respectively. The public health importance of the pathogenic microorganisms was discussed.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178030_826549f2c35b8a6c5c514a9dd43322a5.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051020MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME READY TO EAT EGG-BASED DESERTS SOLD IN ASSIUT CITY11317803110.21608/avmj.2005.178031ENM.SAYEDDepartment of Food Hygiene,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptAMALALI ABDEL-HALEEMFirst researcher in Assiut Animal Research CenterJournal Article20050918A total of 45 random samples of ready to eat egg-based deserts including cream caramel, cake and jatooh products (15 samples each), were collected from different retailers, supermarkets, confectionery shops and bakeries in Assiut City. To assess their quality, the samples were examined microbiologically for the incidence and counts of aerobic plate count, psychrotrophs, enterococci, coliforms, fecal coliforms, <em>Eschericia coli</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, anaerobes and yeasts & molds. The obtained results verify that the total bacterial and psychrotrophs counts averaged 1x10<sup>5</sup> and 1x10<sup>6</sup>, 1.9x10<sup>6</sup> and <10<sup>2</sup>, 2.6x10<sup>5</sup> and 1.1x10<sup>5</sup>/g of cream caramel, cake and jatooh samples, respectively. Enterococci averages were <10<sup>2</sup>, 2.5x10<sup>2</sup> and 1.2x10<sup>4</sup>/g of the examined samples, respectively. Most of the examined samples of cream caramel and cake products (93.3 and 86.7%) failed to yield coliforms (less than 3/g), while 60% of jatooh samples had counts below 10<sup>2</sup>/g. Two samples (13.3%) of such product yielded counts over 10<sup>3</sup>/g. Fecal coliforms could not recover from all of cream caramel samples (<3/g), while most of the jatooh samples (53.3%) were contaminated by numbers ranged from <10 up to <10<sup>3</sup>/g. Only one sample (6.66%) of such product had fecal coliforms more than 10<sup>3</sup>/g. <em>E. coli</em> could not be detected in any of the examined egg-based deserts samples. <em>Bacillus cereus</em> could be isolated from 20, 20 and 46.7% in numbers averaged 6.7x10<sup>3</sup>, 3.5x10<sup>3</sup> and 5.3x10<sup>3</sup>/g of the examined samples, respectively. <em>S. aureus</em> could not be detected in any of cream caramel samples. The organism recovered from 6.6 and 13.3% of the examined cake and jatooh samples, respectively. The incidence of anaerobes was 33.3, 73.3 and 80% in the examined products, respectively. Yeasts & molds contaminated 46.7, 60 and 100% of the examined products, respectively. They existed in numbers averaged 1.8x10<sup>2</sup>, 6.7x10<sup>2</sup> and 2.2x10<sup>4</sup>/g of the samples, respectively. The results prove that most of the examined egg-based deserts products are of quite good quality, except jatooh product that needs to be improved. However, the microbial loads are below the hazard point, the health hazard of such microorganisms still exists, if they are allowed to grow and multiply. Suggestive measures for improving these products were discussed. https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178031_d9f4448e9aabb92c99fbfe843f5122aa.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030ISOLATION OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM COMMERCIAL HENS AND DUCKS ’EGGS1917803310.21608/avmj.2005.178033ENAMALA. ABDEL- HALEEMAnimal Health Research Institute
Assiut Regional LaboratoryM.M.ALIAnimal Health Research Institute
Assiut Regional LaboratoryJournal Article20050924Commercial Hens and ducks’ eggs (225 eggs) representing 45 groups (5 eggs each as a sample) were collected from Assiut city markets and different groceries. Hens’ eggs represent farm hens and native breeds. The collected samples were examined for incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on egg shells and in contents
Y. enterocolitica could not be isolated from shells ad contents of farm hens’ eggs (shell and content), and the organism recovered from one sample (6.7%) of shells and 3 samples (20%) of the contents of native breeds eggs. Ducks’ eggs were contaminated by the same ratio of native breeds hens’ eggs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa could not recover from any of native breed eggs (shells and contents) but could be isolated from 6.7% of shells and contents of farm eggs (one sample each). Ducks’ eggs proved to contain the organism in the content (2 samples) and on its shell (one sample). The public Health hazard of the isolated organisms and suggestive measures were discussed.
https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178033_f8d75b73d8dc220c06e9c39495c25c53.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051001PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY EWES AT FAYOUM GOVERNORATE, EGYPT11520117710.21608/avmj.2005.201177ENA.A.MOAWADDept. of Microbiology,
Fac. Vet. Med., Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityS.A.OSMANDept. of Animal Medicine, Fac. Vet. Med., Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20050727<strong>SUMMARY</strong>
In Fayoum Governorate, a total of 196 milk samples were collected aseptically from apparently healthy functioning glands of 163 dairy ewes to study subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy ewes. According to the definition of SCM the only sample that showed California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriology positive results was considered to have subclinical mastitis, the prevalence of SCM was 29.45% in regard to ewes and 31.63% in regard to glands. Subclinical mastitis was higher in multiparous ewes (32.03%) than primiparous ones (20.0%), but this increase is not statistically significant. CMT was useful as a screening test in ovine species to identify infected animals, keeping in mind that the test showed higher prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis than bacteriological culture (55.61% compared with 39.80%). Staphylococci were the most common bacteria detected (73.08% isolates), where coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were detected in 50% of CMT positive samples isolates and in 48.72% of the total bacterial isolates and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) was isolated in a percentage of 30.65% only from CMT positive samples followed by <em>Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae)</em> in 9.68% of CMT positive samples isolate and lastly <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em> in 4.84% of CMT positive samples isolate and in 14.10% of the total bacterial isolates. Yeast was also detected in 4.84% of the CMT positive samples isolate and in 5.13% of the total isolates. Enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) proved to be good indicator for intramammary infection in ewes, where, enzymatic activities of LDH and ALP were significantly higher (<em>p < 0.05</em>) in milk from subclinically mastitic ewes compared to milk from healthy ones. On the other hand, there were no significant alterations recorded in the levels of serum LDH and ALP of subclinically mastitic ewes compared to healthy ones.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_201177_a7d44ec38ba5806caf8337a0b972cf8b.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051016THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS LEVELS AND SOME DISEASES IN NEWLY BORN BUFFALO CALVES11217805110.21608/avmj.2005.178051ENF.H.EL-SANGARYDept. of Chemistry, Nutritional Deficiency and Toxins
Animal Health Research Institute – Dokki – Giza - Zagazig BranchIBTISAMM. GAMAL EL-DINDept. of Pathology and Clinical Pathology
Animal Health Research Institute – Dokki – Giza - Zagazig BranchJournal Article20050904Total serum immunoglobulins, IgG, IgM and IgA levels were estimated in 60 newly born buffalo calves at 2<sup>nd</sup> day of age, belonged to a private dairy farm in Sharkia governorate. The relation between these levels and the subsequent occurrence of some disease conditions in the first two months of life was observed. All calves received colostrum by natural suckling and their health were monitored from birth to 60 days age. The total serum immunoglobulins concentrations was measured by sodium sulphite precipitation test (S.S.P.T.), while, the serum level of immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM and IgA) was measured by a single radial immunodiffusion test (S.R.I). The results revealed that, 14 of examined calves (23.33%) suffered from undifferentiated diarrhea, 9 suffered from pneumonia (15%), while 37 of calves (61.66%) remained healthy. A positive correlation was observed between immunoglobulins levels and the health of the animals. Healthy calves had higher levels of total immunoglobulins compared to those which developed diarrhea or pneumonia. In conclusion, there is an association between failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves and susceptibility to neonatal diseases. This failure, which is reflected by low serum immunoglobulins levels, is one of the most important influencing factors in mortality of newly born calves.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178051_a45e657987c9a867e9840782735abfa3.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051020CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL STUDIES ON DERMATOPHILOSIS ON SOME FARM ANIMALS12017805510.21608/avmj.2005.178055ENM.H.AL-GAABARYDept. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. Vet. Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh, Tanta Univ.Journal Article20050918Dermatophilosis is a bacterial disease affecting wide range of animal species in addition to humans. The clinical picture of the disease was studied in a flock of sheep and goats (86 and 22 respectively) and herd of cattle and buffaloes (62 and 34 respectively). The clinical picture was in the form of skin lesions which varied in its severity and distribution owing to species affected. In sheep, the lesions were in the form of irregular area of alopecia with crust formation in the face, ears and legs from the coronet to the knees. Matted, broken or easily detached wool is recorded. The lesions were similar in goats while in cattle the lesions were distributed on the skin of chest and abdomen. In buffaloes it was confined on the distal portion of the legs. Out of the diseased sheep, 18 were classified into 3 groups each of six animals. The first group were treated parentrally using long acting oxytetracycline. Those of the second group were treated topically using garlic oil. The 3<sup>rd</sup> group was treated both parentally and topically. It was noticed that garlic oil is highly efficient in treatment of dermatophilosis.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178055_5b4afa3473f53e060d692620cafd8b59.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS INFECTED AND VACCINATED CATTLE USING RECENT TECHNIQUES11617805610.21608/avmj.2005.178056ENU.ABD EL HAKIMDept. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. Vet. Med. Assiut UniversityJournal Article20050921To study the possibility of differentiation between foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccinated and infected cattle, 100 cattle were used, 70 of them were non vaccinated while the remainder 30 were vaccinated against FMDV. These animals were examined clinically and investigated with two forms of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 1<sup>st</sup> form (indirect sandwich ELISA) was used for detection and serotyping of FMDV while the 2<sup>nd</sup> form (standard ELISA) was used to identify antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV (present in active FMDV that responsible for infection and absent in vaccination virus). Clinical examination showed that 14 cattle were suffered from salivation, lameness and rise of body temperature while the remainder of cattle were apparently healthy. By using indirect sandwich ELISA, three serotypes (O,A and C) of FMD virus were reported. Serotype O was detected in 16 non vaccinated and 21 vaccinated cattle, serotype A was detected in 7 non vaccinated cattle and serotype A was detected in 2 non vaccinated cattle. After performing standard ELISA five types of antibodies against FMDV non structural proteins (Lb, 2C, 3A, 3D and 3ABC) were recorded. All of these antibodies (except antibodies against non-structural protein Lb) were observed in 25 non vaccinated cattle while antibodies against non structural protein Lb were observed in 16 non vaccinated cattle only, all of these cattle w proved to be positive for FMDV by indirect sandwich ELISA. The study proved that there is no relation between FMDV serotype and presence of FMDV non structural protein as antibodies against non structural proteins were detected in animal infected with any of three FMDV serotypes recorded in the study. Results of the present work proved that indirect sandwich ELISA could use in detection and typing of FMDV but could not use in differentiation between FMDV vaccinated and infected cattle as it gave positive results with both animals. At the same time, standard ELISA used successfully in differentiation between FMDV vaccinated and infected cattle and gave positive results with infected cattle only. Therefore, our study recommend using standard ELISA based on detection of any type of antibodies against non structural proteins of FMDV (except non-structural protein Lb which recorded in some but not all infected animals) as it is sensitive technique in diagnosis of FMD even in apparently healthy animals and it is capable of differentiation between FMDV vaccinated and infected animals successfully. Differentiation between vaccinated and infected cattle is an important step in control of FMD in Egypt. This is the first study investigate differentiation between FMDV vaccinated and infected animal, the first to identify antibodies against non structural proteins of FMDV in Egypt and the first to study the relation between FMDV serotypes and presence of FMDV non structural proteinshttps://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178056_645d395dd3be62a308b0c0c7be754479.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CAMELS : ROLE OF CAMELS IN THE EPIZOOTIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN EGYPT11217806010.21608/avmj.2005.178060ENU.ABD EL-HAKIMDept. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. Vet. Med. Assiut University.Journal Article20050921To study FMD in camels and investigate the role played by camels in epizootiology and transmission of the disease to cattle, 50 camel and 50 cattle (in contact with camels) were used. All these animals examined clinically virologicaly (virus isolation, VI) in addition to examination using molecular biology based technique (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR). VI and RT-PCR were performed two times one month apart. Clinical examination at the beginning of this work showed 3 camels suffered from excessive salivation while remainmder of camels and all cattle were apparently healthy. After 30 day from contact between camels and cattle, salivation, nasal discharge in addition to rise of body temperature and lameness were recorded in 7 cattle and other animals were apparently healthy. In the 1<sup>st</sup> VI, foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was isolated from 14 camels while all cattle were negative for VI. FMDV was isolated from 17 camel in addition to 25 cattle in the 2<sup>nd</sup> VI. FMD viral RNA was identified in 19 camel while all examined cattle were negative for 1<sup>st</sup> RT-PCR. After performing 2<sup>nd</sup> RT-PCR, FMD viral RNA was observed in 24 camel and 27 cattle. 2 serotypes (O and A) of FMDV were detected in camels and cattle and genetic relationship between FMDV in camels and cattle has been proved after using RT-PCR. Results of this work proved that RT-PCR is more sensitive than VI in diagnosis of FMD in camels and cattle in Egypt, in addition, this technique could be used in serotyping of FMDV and could be used in studying the genetic relationship between FMDV in camels and cattle. Therefore, RT-PCR enabled us to fellow up and know the source of infection in this study. This work proved that FMDV is present and transmite between camels in Egypt inspite of absence of any clinical signs in most infected camels and this is very dangerous factor from epizootiological point of view. Important role played by camels in epizootiology and transmission of FMD to cattle in Egypt has been proved in this study. This is the 1<sup>st</sup> study concerning the role of camels in transmission of FMD to cattle and the 1<sup>st</sup> to use RT-PC R in diagnosis, typing of FMDV in camels and study its genetic relationship with FMDV in cattle, in addition to the 1<sup>st</sup> recording of FMDV serotype A in camels in Egypthttps://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178060_aeaf65d9405555c7b275674e8664fa12.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE EFFICIENCY FOR INACTIVATED RIFT VALLEY FEVER VACCINE ADJUVATED WITH IMS 301311617806210.21608/avmj.2005.178062ENLILYS. SALAMAVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, CairoMAGDAA. KALADVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, CairoJournal Article20050928In this work seventeen balady sheep were divided into 6 groups, the first group (G1) was vaccinated S/C with binary inactivated RVF vaccine with 50% IMS 3013, the second group (G2) was vaccinated S/C with binary inactivated RVF vaccine containing 0.5% saponin with 50% IMS 3013, the third group (G3) was vaccinated S/C with binary inactivated RVF vaccine with 25% IMS 3013, the fourth group (G4) was vaccinated S/C with binary inactivated RVF vaccine containing 0.5% saponin with 25% IMS 3013, the fifth group (G5) was vaccinated S/C with inactivated RVF vaccine with aluminum hydroxide gel while the sixth group (G6) left as a control. The results revealed that RVF inactivated vaccine with IMS3013 either 50% or 25% give higher level of antibody and reaching its protective level earlier than RVF inactivated vaccine with aluminium gel and the best vaccine is RVF inactivated vaccine containing 0.5% saponin with 50% IMS 3013 where ED<sub>50</sub> equal 0.0008/ml and gave a higher level of antibody all over the period of the test compared with that of other vaccinated groups when tested by lymphocyte transformation assay using MMT staining procedure and serum neutralization test.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178062_406c2f64360f9f57718a0b81683554c9.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030STUDIES ON SOME CLINOSTOMATID METACERCARIAE FROM TILAPIA NILOTICA IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE11017806310.21608/avmj.2005.178063ENM.I.ARAFAِAnimal Health Research Institute,
Assiut Regional Laboratory.MAHAS. SHAHEENDept. of Parasitology Fac. of Medicine, Assiut UnivM.EL SALAHY M.MONIBDept. of Parasitology Fac. of Medicine, Assiut UnivJournal Article20050929A total number of 175 fishes (<em>Tilapia</em> <em>nilotica) </em>were investigated for parasitological studies on some<em> Clinostomum</em> metacercariae in Assiut city. The results revealed that 42.86% of examined fishes were infected with different species of metacercariae. The gill chamber was the most common habitat of infection where their infection rate was 29.27% followed by kidneys 13.71% then mandible muscles 2.29%. In 1.71% of infected fishes the metcercariae were detected actively motile in both gill chamber and between muscle bundles. Four species of metacercariae were detected in the present work: <em>Clinostomum phalacrocoracis, Cl. tilapiae, Cl. complanatum and Euclinstomum ardeola.</em> The morphological characters of each species of the detected metacercariae were described. More over a new variety of<em> Cl. phalacrocoracis</em> was described for the first time in<em> Tilapia</em> <em>nilotica</em> in Assiut. Abnormal morphological changes also were described in one metacercaria of <em>Euclinstomum ardeola</em>.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178063_95501a1bf4748cb3f18e14fa0af38f86.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THREE PARASITIC HELMINTHS FROM FRESHWATER FISHES IN ASSIUT, EGYPT11217806410.21608/avmj.2005.178064ENNAWALA.M. MAZENDepartment of Zoology,
Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.HASNAAM.THABITDepartment of Zoology,
Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20050929During the present study, a nematode and two acanthocephalan parasites of freshwater fishes were collected from Assuit city to be examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface fine structure of the three parasites, was revealed in order to help their identification and distinction from other allied species. These worms are: 1-<em>Procamallanus laeviconchus</em> (Wedi, 1862), Baylis, 1923, in which SEM illustrated: six anterior elevations or lips, four submedian cephalic papillae, minute saw-like teeth at the bottom of the buccal capsule and eight blunt caudal papillae. These may be important features in differentiation between different <em>Procamallnus</em> spp. 2-A- <em>Rhadinorhynchus niloticus</em> Mohamadin, 1989. B- <em>Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis)</em> <em>tilapiae</em>, Baylis, 1947. SEM of <em>acanthocephala </em>illustrated more detail structures in the proboscis and body spines which are of great importance in generic and species identificationshttps://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178064_3113652f6fc2fe9746922206d641b153.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030FINGERPRINTING OF EIMERIA STIEDAE (LIVER COCCIDIOSIS) OF RABBIT IN EGYPT BY USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)11017807210.21608/avmj.2005.178072ENR.M.EL-KHATIBVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute,
Abbasia, CairoA.M.DAOUDVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute,
Abbasia, CairoJournal Article20050929Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD technique) gives characteristic fingerprints or genetic polymorphism for <em>Eimeria stiedae</em> isolates. The isolates were collected from three different localities in Egypt (Al-Bahyra, Assiut and El-Kalybia provices). Four oligonucleotides primers reflected different phylogenetic relationship among the 3 <em>Eimeria stiedae</em> isolates. The degree of similarity between the 3 isolates reflected the presence of both species specific and even strain-specific band, the statistical analysis suggested a closer phylogenetic relationship between Al-Bahyra and Assiut <em>Eimeria stiedae</em> isolates which are distantly related to El-Kalybia isolates RAPD technique could easily differentiate with a great potential the minor changes in the genomes of the related genotypes of <em>Eimeria stiedae</em> isolates in Egypt.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178072_25cb7dcd453dae9fe00577ccd9bbc43d.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051001PRODUCTION OF EGG YOLK - BLUETONGE SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES (IGY) FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS INFECTION11617807710.21608/avmj.2005.178077ENA.R.A.HABASHIDepartment of Virology,
Animal Health Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Center, EgyptI.A.KARIMDepartment of Virology,
Animal Health Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.H.B.HASSANFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tanta University Kafr-El-Sheikh BranchJournal Article20050818An experimental study was carried out to evaluate a new simple method for massive production of bluetongue virus (BTV) specific antibodies by specific IgY extraction from the egg yolk of immunized hens with BTV polyvalent vaccine. After detection of the development of the serum precipitating antibodies, serum samples and egg batches were collected from the immunized hens at regular intervals then titrated by the indirect ELISA. The serum antibody titres were compared with the extracted egg yolk IgY antibody titres during the period of the study which elapsed 21 weeks and during this period 3 doses were injected. The results revealed that the egg BTV specific antibody titres were nearly similar to the serum antibody titres providing a higher yield of specific antibodies can be collected from the immunized hens depending on the availability egg production and occasional posturing. The diagnostic efficiency of the prepared egg yolk antibodies was also proved by successful detection of 13 BTV isolates using it in the procedures of indirect fluorescence antibody technique.
<strong> </strong>https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178077_fa92521f1e1f6ef47150a850b3341f25.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030SOME INVESTIGATIONS FOR NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN THE EGYPTIAN OSTRICHES (STRUTHIO CAMELUS)11317808010.21608/avmj.2005.178080ENA.A.ABOU ZEADAnimal Health Research Institute
Zagazig Branch, Poultry Diseases UnitS.H.GEITHAnimal Health Research Institute
Zagazig Branch, Poultry Diseases UnitA.A.ALIDept. of Virology. Fac. of Vet. Med. Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20050928During late autumn and winter, the period of December 2004- February 2005, 4 ostrich farms around Egypt were surveyed and samples from 54 clinically diseased and fresh dead birds were collected and tested for detection and determination of the incidence, course, clinical signs, PM, histopathology and the pathogenicity of NDV among ostriches (Struthio camelus). Two NDV isolates were detected, propagated in chicken embryos, pathotyped and examined by EM. The present retrospective study was prompted by the finding of HI was adopted for the detection and quantification of antibodies to NDV. <em>Abbreviations:</em> CIAF = clarified infected allantoic fluid; CRBCs= chicken red blood cells; ECEs = embryo chicken eggs; EID50 = median embryo infective dose; ELISA = enzyme linked immunosorbent assay HA = haemagglutination; HI = haemagglutination inhibition; IAF= infectious allantoic fluid; ICPI =.intracerebral pathogenicity index; IVPI = intravenous pathogenicity index; LPB-ELISA = liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MDT = Mean death time; ND = Newcastle disease; and NDV = Newcastle disease virus.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178080_cfbf9b86884720d043ffdabec3b4aed4.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051010QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF HARVESTED BUFFALO OOCYTES IN RELATION TO OVARIAN STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF COLLECTION1717808210.21608/avmj.2005.178082ENA.KH.ABDEL-RAZEKDept. of Theriogenology.
Vet. Med. , Assiut Uni., EgyptA.M.ALIDept. of Theriogenology.
Vet. Med. , Assiut Uni., EgyptJournal Article20050901A total number of 68 buffalo-cows ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse. In the first part of this study, 40 ovaries were classified according to the ovarian structures into: those with dominant follicle (DF, n = 14) , with corpus luteum (CL, n=9 ), with DF and CL (n=5) and those without DF or CL (no dominant structure: nDS, n = 12). Surface follicles between 3 and 8 mm were enumerated and aspirated. The aspirated follicular fluids were examined microscopically for the oocytes. The recovered oocytes were counted and evaluated according to number and quality of the cumulus layers and character of the ooplasm. In the second part of the study, the obtained oocytes were compared with those obtained by slicing technique applied on 28 ovaries. The results revealed that, the average number of aspirated follicles/ovary was higher from ovaries with nDS (7.33 ± 3.8), than from ovaries with DF (3.67±2.2), p < 0.5. Also, the average number of recovered oocytes/ovary was higher from ovaries with nDS (5.75 ± 2.4), than from those with DF (2.79 ± 2), p < 0.05. Ovaries which carried CL showed in-between results (4.0±3.7 aspirated follicles and 3.22±3.1 recovered oocytes). Higher number of oocytes with more than 5 cumulus layers was collected from ovaries with nDS (28.9%) than from ovaries with DF (5.1%), p < 0.05. Slicing technique increased significantly the average number of recovered oocytes/ovary than the aspiration technique, (5.00 ± 2.3 vs 3.90±2.4) and the number of oocytes with more than 5 cumulus layers (62.1% vs 15.3%) p < 0.05. It is concluded that 1) DF adversely affected the number and quality of recovered oocytes in buffalo, 2) ovarian slicing technique increased significantly the quantity and quality of the harvested oocytes. https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178082_04e6160d27ed87bdef98760eb28da264.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030COMPARATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF ALGERIAN EWES AND GOATS11717808610.21608/avmj.2005.178086ENFATIMABENCHAIBFaculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences
Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, AlgeriaA.NIARFaculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences
Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, AlgeriaJournal Article20050926This study was planned to investigate the common pathological lesions in the ovary, the oviduct, the uterus and the cervix, (vagina was excluded) in apparently healthy adult slaughtered ewes and goats. The genital organs of six hundred thirty nine ewes and goats from Algerian breeds at different ages from six months to three years old were collected from Tiaret abattoirs. From 486 genital tracts of ewes, there were pathological changes in 126(25.92%) cases and 50(10.30 %) cases were gravid. In the ovary: The incidence of hypopplasia was 3.91%, paraovarian cyst 3.50 %, ovarian adhesions 1.86 %, and ovarian abcess, granulosa cell tumor were respectively 0.20%; In the oviduct: cyst of oviduct 0.83%, and salpingitis 0.41%. In the uterus: endometritis 2.26%, pigmentation of the uterine mucosa and fetal mummification were respectively 0.62%. In the cervix: tortuous cervix 10.50%, hypoplasia of cervical rings was 0.20%.From 153 genital tracts of goats, there were pathological changes in 37 (24.18%) cases and 24 (15.68%) cases were gravid. In the ovary: The incidence of paraovarian cyst was 5.22%, ovarian hypoplasia 4.60 % ovarian adhesions 1.96 %, the follicular cyst, the cystic ovarian degeneration and the ovarian abcess were respectively 0.65 %. In the uterus: endometritis 0.65%, fetal mummification 0.65 %. In the cervix: tortuous cervix 5.89%, hypoplasia and hypertrophy of cervical rings were respectively 1.96%), 1.30%. Tortuous cervix, ovarian hypoplasia were the most lesions observed in the genital organs of ewes. In goats, indeed of tortuous cervix, paraovarian cyst was the most lesion observed. The narrow nature of cervix in ewes more than in goats makes vaginal insemination difficult outside of estrous period. ovarian hypoplasia was detected in ewes more than in goats, it can be a factor of infertility when it is bilateral. Inflammatory changes in the uterus were also seen in ewes more than in goats. These pathological disorders are factors of infertility and cause a big damage and irreversible alterations in the endometrium if they are not early diagnose and adequately treat.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178086_7870d3120758a1a2e585b1048b4733b9.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030USING OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE FOR TESTING OF LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES EXPERIMENTALLY CONTAMINATED WITH AVIAN REOVIRUS1917808910.21608/avmj.2005.178089ENA.A.BADAWICentral Laboratory for Evaluation of
Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo.S.A.NASSIFCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of
Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo.ELHAMA. EL-EBIARYCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of
Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo.M.M.TAHACentral Laboratory for Evaluation of
Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo.Journal Article20050929Immunofluorescence (IF) technique was used for detection of reovirus contamination in four types of live attenuated poultry vaccines; IB, ND, MD and fowl pox vaccines. IF technique effectively detected reovirus in all types of vaccines and it proved specificity and sensitivity. In contrast, the cytopathogenic effect (CPE) of reovirus on infected cultures was interfered with that of the vaccine virus and so it could not be taken alone as a criterion for detection of reovirus as a contaminant in live poultry vaccines. Specificity of IF technique slightly affected by the presence of vaccine virus. This adverse effect was disappeared when the vaccine virus was excluded by heat inactivation at 56<sup>o</sup>C for 45 minutes.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_178089_41edff240e5b1244e8c0e8b486eda848.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735110720051030STUDIES ON A RECENT IBD VIRUS FIELD VARIANT ISOLATE: (3) IMMUNOGENICITY OF THIS VARIANT STRAIN COMPARED WITH A CLASSICAL STRAIN IN BROILER CHICKENS11520118110.21608/avmj.2005.201181ENS.A.NASSIFCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, CairoELHAMA. EL-EBIARYCentral Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abbasia, Cairo.K.S.SHAABANFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityS.S.ABDEL–RAHMANVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research InstituteM.M.AMERFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20050929SUMMARY
Three inactivated water–in–oil–in–water–emulsion infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines were prepared from the Del/E related IBDV variant strain and a classical vvIBDV strain. Each IBDV strain were propagated for 6 serial passages in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). The harvested IBD viruses were titrated in 10 day old ECE and inactivated using formalin at a final concentration of 0.2 % of the total volume. The fist vaccine contained Del/E related IBDV variant strain, the second vaccine contained vvIBDV strain and the third vaccine contained both variant and vvIBDV strain. The 3 prepared IBDV vaccines are evaluated compared to a commercial inactivated IBDV vaccine, all the 4 vaccines proved to be sterile and safe. The efficacy of each vaccine was assisted by inoculation into a group of 14 day old broiler chicks via subcutaneous rout and challenged (2 weeks later) with Del/E related IBDV variant strain and the classical vvIBDV strain. The humeral immune response were determined using indirect ELISA, the geometric mean (GM) ELISA titer of the vaccinated chicken groups are significantly higher than the non vaccinated chickens, with no significant difference between the vaccinated chicken groups despite the variation in the IBDV strains. The protection was evaluated at 5 and 10 days post challenge, based on gross and microscopic lesions, bursal indices, proventricular/body weight ratio and bursl lesions scores. Vaccines made of variant IBDV alone or combined with vvIBDV protected chickens challenged with either the classical vvIBDV or the Del/E related IBDV variant strain while vaccines made of the classical IBDV strain alone protected chickens challenged with the classical vvIBDV strain but not against the Del/E related IBDV variant strain.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_201181_3ea0bab087716c294c1ffc4380b8ddf4.pdf