Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091001INCIDENCE OF AEROBIC SPOREFORMERS IN UHT MILK11117492210.21608/avmj.2009.174922ENJournal Article20090803Seventy (25 unflavored full cream, 15 banana flavored, 15 strawberry flavored and 15 chocolate flavored) UHT milk samples were collected randomly from different groceries and supermarkets in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. All samples were examined for aerobic plate count and aerobic sporeformers. Results revealed that the mean aerobic plate count for unflavored full cream, banana flavored, strawberry and chocolate flavored UHT milk samples examined (after incubation of samples at 30-35°C/7days) were 10.4<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>9.6, 27.5<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>39.4, 19.6<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 27.9 and 15.2 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 26.6 cfu/ml respectively. Results declared that 16 (22.9%) out of 70 UHT milk samples examined, exceeded the Egyptian standards of total aerobic bacterial count (10 cfu/ml) for long life sterilized milk. Statistical analytical results of aerobic sporeformers count revealed that 16(64%) of unflavored full cream, 12 (80%) of banana flavored, 11(73.3%) of strawberry flavored and 10 (66.67%) of chocolate flavored UHT milk samples were positive for aerobic sporeformers with mean counts of 13.19 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>28.7, 28.67 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 44.1, 7.27 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 4.3 and 7.70 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>4.6 cfu/ml respectively. The isolated bacillus species were identified as <em> B. stearothermophilus</em> which recorded the highest incidence that it could be detected in 19 (27.1%) of the examined samples, followed by <em> B. cereus</em>, <em>B. Licheniforms</em>, <em>B. circulans</em>, <em>B. megaterium</em> , <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em> B. coagulans</em> and <em>B.</em> <em>alvei</em> that could be isolated from 14(20%), 10 (14.3%), 9(12.9%), 9(12.9%), 9(12.9%), 8 (11.4%) and 1 (1.4%) of the examined samples respectively. Source of these bacteria in milk, their economic and public health importance as well as the suggestive measures for control were discussed. This study was planned to throw light on aerobic plate count and the incidence of aerobic sporeformers in the examined UHT milk samples regarding the Egyptian Standards.
Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091030ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM FRESHWATER GRAYFISH (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII)11119697110.21608/avmj.2009.196971ENAYAGALAL SAAD EL-DEENAnimal Health Research Institute (AHRI)
Assiut Lab.Journal Article20090820<strong>Summary</strong>
<strong> </strong>
The aim of this study was to investigate Enterobacteriaceae infection in freshwater crayfish (red swamp crayfish), <em>Procambarus clarkii</em>, clinical, postmortem findings of examined crayfish, bacteriological examination, rate of infection and organ susceptibility were investigated. 50 freshwater crayfish were subjected to clinical, postmortem and bacteriological examination. Bacteriological examination revealed to isolation of 150 strains from digestive gland, haemolymph, musculature and intestine which are close to morphological and cultural characters to Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria identification was based on colony morphology and culture behavior on various media, microscopic examination, biochemical tests and carbohydrate fermentation. 150 strains were identified as <em>Edweardsiella tarda</em> (16), <em>Proteus vulgaris</em> (10), <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> (62), <em>Salmonella</em> (32) and 30 isolates were not identified. Bacteriological examination revealed the best organ for isolation of <em>E. tarda</em> is intestine, while musculature is the best site for isolation of <em>Proteus vulgaris</em>, and <em>Salmonella</em>. Moreover, hepatopancrease is the best organ for isolation of <em>Proteus mirabillis</em>.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_196971_7eee10725e14eb56590ec482666bd18d.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091001DETECTION OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN BOVINE MILK SAMPLES USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION1917492510.21608/avmj.2009.174925ENW.F.AMINDept. of Food Hygiene,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityS.O.AHMEDDept. of Animal Hygiene,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20090815Q fever is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular pathogen <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>. It colonizes mammary glands of cattle and is shed in milk. This study was aimed to detect <em>C.burnetii</em> in raw bovine milk using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 100 random bovine milk samples were collected from both dairy farms and shops in Assiut City, Egypt (50 samples each). A pair of primers served to amplify a targeted 448-bp fragment of genomic DNA. Our investigation showed that 22(22%) of samples were found to be positive for <em>C.</em> <em>burnetii</em>. This result proves that cattle are an important reservoir for <em>C.burnetii</em> organism and raw milk may be a main source of infection to humans.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003LEVELS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM RESIDUES IN TISSUES OF BOVINE SLAUGHTERED IN PORT-SAID GOVERNORATE11417492810.21608/avmj.2009.174928ENH.EL-S.M.FARAGDept. of Food Hygiene, Port-Said Lab.,
Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptZIENABM. NEIAZYDept. of Food Hygiene, Lab. Diagnosis and Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki-GizaM.A.M.YASSIENDept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityJournal Article20090816Two hundred and ten samples from bovine kidneys, livers, lungs, spleens, mesenteric lymph nodes, muscular portions of diaphragm and brains were collected randomly from 30 fit bovine carcasses for human consumption from Port-Said abattoirs. Lead and cadmium residues were analyzed. Lead and cadmium were detected in 100% of the specimens. Mean lead values in the examined samples obtained from kidney, liver, lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, muscular portion of diaphragm and brain for bovine were 1.674, 0.919, 2.206, 2.681, 2.818, 1.641 and 1.201 μg/g wet weight respectively. While mean cadmium values in the examined samples were 0.611, 0.564; 0.773; 0.657; 0.645; 0.779 and 0.488 μg/g on the basis of wet weight respectively. All examined samples 210 (100%) exceeded the recommended level of lead established by E.O.S.Q.C while 46 (21.904%) among the total samples could be considered unsuitable for human consumption entirely as it approximate the critical levels of cadmium established by E.O.S.Q.C. The effects of lead and cadmium on the public health were discussed.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003OCCURRENCE OF LISTERIA AND YERSINIA SPECIES IN MILK AND SOME MILK PRODUCTS11617493010.21608/avmj.2009.174930ENS.F.A.ABD EL AALDept. of Food Control
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.M.A-H.B.ATTADept. of Food Control
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Journal Article20090820Two hundred raw milk and dairy product samples (50 cow’s milk and 25 each of sheep’s milk, goat’s milk, pasteurized milk, white soft cheese, plain yoghurt and fruit yoghurt) were collected from dairy farms and different localities, markets and shops in El Dakahlia Province, Egypt and examined for the presence of Listeria and Yersinia species as food poisoning and mastitis causing organisms. The incidence of Listeria spp. in raw milk and dairy product samples was 3.0% and their distributions were 6.0% in cow's milk, 8.0% in goat's milk, 4.0% in white soft cheese samples and can't be detected in sheep's milk, pasteurized milk and both fruit and plain yoghurt samples. The incidence of <em>Listeria monocytogens</em> in raw milk and dairy product samples was 3 (1.5%), the other Listeria spp. were <em>L. innocua </em>5 (2.5 %) and <em>L. welshimeri</em> 2 (1.0%). Yersinia spp. could be isolated from 41 (20.5 %) of examined raw milk and dairy product samples. The incidence percentages were 40.0% in cow's milk, 20.0% in sheep's milk, 32.0% in goat's milk, 4.0% in pasteurized milk, 8.0% in white soft cheese, 12.0% in fruit yoghurt and 8.0% in plain yoghurt. <em>Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia intermedia, Yersinia kristensenii, Yersinia frederiksenii </em>and <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</em> could be detected in (5, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1 and 1); (10, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0 and 0); (3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 and 1); (0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0 and 1) and (4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2 and 0) of examined samples, respectively. The sanitary and public health importance of these organisms as well as control measures to improve the quality of dairy products and to safeguard the consumers from infection were discussed.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN SOME MEAT AND CHICKEN PRODUCTS IN ASSIUT CITY11617493410.21608/avmj.2009.174934ENA.M.ABD EL-MALEKDept. of Food Hygiene,
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, AssiutSOHAILAFATHI HASSAN ALIDept. of Food Hygiene,
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, AssiutR.HASSANEINDept. of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Fac. Vet. Med., Assiut Univ.M.A.MOHAMEDDept. of Poultry Diseases, Fac. Vet. Med., Assiut Univ.K.I.ELSAYHDept. of Pediatric, Fac. of Medicine, Assiut Univ. Assiut 71526, EgyptJournal Article20090825<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span>
The present study was conducted for isolation of <em>Listeria</em> spp. in some selected meat and chicken products purchased from retail supermarkets in Assiut, Egypt. A total of 100 samples including 25 samples each of minced frozen beef, luncheon, frozen chicken legs and frozen chicken breast fillets were collected over a 7-month period between January and July 2009 and examined for the presence of <em>Listeria</em> spp. In addition, 28 stool cultures examined for <em>Listeria</em> spp. collected from hospitalized children resident in Assiut Pediatric University Hospital with history of diarrhea or fever. Out of the total 100 meat samples examined, <em>Listeria</em> spp. were detected in 8 (32%) of minced frozen beef, 8 (32%) of luncheon, 13 (52%) of frozen chicken leg and 14 (56%) of frozen chicken fillet samples examined, respectively. Regarding the examined stool cultures (28) from hospitalized children with underlying disease in Assiut University hospital, 2 (7.14%) were found positivefor<em> Listeria</em> spp. For identification of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two primers were selected based on the prfA (transcriptional activator of the virulence factor) gene for <em> L. monocytogenes</em>. 13 selected <em>Listeria</em> isolates displayed beta-haemolysis on sheep blood agar and positive CAMP test were further identified using PCR. PCR results showed that <em>L. monocytogenes</em> were confirmed in one of minced imported frozen meat, two of luncheon samples and two of frozen chicken legs with the total incidence of 5 isolates (5%) from the total 100 examined food samples. This study suggests the presence of a significant public health hazard linked to the consumption of these meat and chicken products sold in Assiut city contaminated with <em>L. monocytogenes</em><strong>. </strong>The public health significance of this pathogen and sanitary measures were discussed.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003EFFECT OF HOT WATER ON AEROBIC PLATE COUNT AND QUALITY OF SHEEP SACRIFICE CARCASSES11117493710.21608/avmj.2009.174937ENB.H.H.MASHATDep. of Environmental and Health Studies, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj Research, Umm Al-Qura University, KSAJournal Article20090902Many thousands (more than 700,000) of sacrificial animals are slaughtered every year through the project of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the utilization of Hadi and Adahia (Sacrificial) meat during Hajj season. During the slaughter and preparation of sacrificial animals, the surfaces of dressed carcasses becomes contaminated with large numbers of microorganisms as a result of very fast skinning and evisceration faults. This is caused by the fact that butchers entrusted with slaughtering and skinning are paid per head to encourage them produce the largest numbers possible within the timeframe allowed by Islamic Shari'ah. (84 hours). The main objective of this study was conducted to investigate the microbiological impact of washing sheep sacrifice carcasses with hot water at different temperatures (60 and 70°C). A whole carcass rinse was performed on each carcass before (control) and after washing (final). The result showed that the two temperature treatments significantly reduced aerobic plate counts (APC) on the animal sacrifice carcasses in comparison with untreated controls. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the subjective evaluation of lean appearance, colour appearance, odour, and overall acceptability between treated and untreated sheep sacrifice carcasses after 48 h of chilling and chilled storage.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003SCOMBROID FISH POISONING11217493910.21608/avmj.2009.174939ENN.A.AL-WABELDept. Vet. Medicine, Fac. of Agriculture and Vet. Medicine,
Qassim Univ., Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20090903<strong> </strong>
Scombroid fish poisoning, or scombrotoxin poisoning occurs when people eat scombroid or scombroid-like fish that have been carelessly handled and permitted to build up biogenic amines particularly histamine, as a consequence of bacterial spoilage. A level for histamine of 5 mg/100g (50 ppm) is recommended for assuring the safe consumption of such fish, while a level of 1,500-4,000 mg histamine causes severe incidence. Symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, itching, oral burning sensation, red rash and hypotension are common in such cases. Rapid cooling of fish is of value to prevent formation of biogenic amines.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003OCCURRENCE OF MYCOBIOTA AND AFLATOXIN M1 IN SOME DRIED DAIRY PRODUCTS11017494310.21608/avmj.2009.174943ENA.A.AMERDept. of Food Hygiene,
Fac. Vet. Med., Alex. Univ., EgyptA.S.AIADAnimal Health Research Institute (Alexandria branch), EgyptJournal Article20090905
A total of 110 samples of dried dairy products represented as full cream milk powder (50 sachets) were randomly collected from groceries & supermarkets and dried casein (30) and dried whey (30) in sterile polyethylene bags from large factories in Alexandria Governorate. All samples were still valid for consumption as shelf -life is at least to be one year from production time. The collected samples were transmitted to the laboratory for preparation. The samples were examined to determine the levels of fungal contamination and the possible presence of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub>. The obtained data pointed out that 40, 36.67 and 43.33% of the examined samples of milk powder, dried casein and dried whey were contaminated with molds with average counts of 2.2 X10<sup>3</sup>, 4.2 X 10<sup>2</sup>, and 2.1 X 10<sup>2</sup> /g, respectively. Aspergillus was the prevalent genus encountered in the examined samples followed by genus Penicillium. 5 out of 14 isolated strains of <em>A. flavus </em>(35.71%) proved to be aflatoxin B<sub>1 </sub>(AFB<sub>1</sub>) producers with different concentrations. Aflatoxins M<sub>1</sub> could be detected in the examined milk powder, dried casein and dried whey samples, using ELISA, with concentration levels of 0.07-0.6, 0.02-0.06 and 0.03-0.08 µg|kg, respectively. All positive samples were not complied with EgyptianStandards (1990) which stated that milk and milk products should be free from any aflatoxins. So, efforts have to be made to prevent mold growth and aflatoxins production along the entire food chain specially food related to children.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003A CASE REPORT: COPPER DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN A BUFFALO FARM IN BEHAIRA GOVERNORATE1617494710.21608/avmj.2009.174947ENAMANYABDEL RAHMAN SALLAMAnimal Health Research Institute,
Damanhour Branch.A.F.ABDEL MOGHNEYAnimal Health Research Institute,
Damanhour BranchJournal Article20090801This study was conducted on buffalo herd (130 animals, Janakleez district, Behaira Province) showing a red hair and skin, allopacia in newly born buffalo calves ageing from one day up to 15 days old. Clinical examination of the animals showed that the majority of buffaloes in the herd had rough hair coat, loss of hair pigmentation in addition to curled toe in some adult buffaloes). All the animals were sluggish in movement and had low fertility. The mean serum copper level recorded was 2.93±0.78 μmol/L in buffalo calves while serum dams revealed a mean value of 5.23±0.48 μmol/L. Copper level in both neonates and their dams indicates a severe deficiency. The obtained results drew the attention for the importance of periodic analysis for serum, soil, and ration to avoid deficiency complications of trace elements earlyAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091001LEVELS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN MEAT AND ORGANS OF CATTLE AND THEIR HAZARD EFFECTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE1919765910.21608/avmj.2009.197659ENMANALM. SAYEDAnimal Health Research Institute,
Assiut LaberatoryDOHAY. AHMEDDept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Fac. Vet. Med.,
Assiut University 71526, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20090816Cadmium and lead concentrations in the liver, kidney and muscle from 32 male cattle (2-3 years old) slaughtered in Assiut slaughterhouse, from March to Jun 2009, were quantified. Analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mean cadmium concentrations were 0.52 ± 0.03; 0.58 ± 0.03 and 0.40 ± 0.2 ppm in the liver, kidney and muscles respectively. The mean lead concentrations in the liver, kidney and muscles of the examined samples were 1.20 ± 0.17; 3.74 ± 0.27 and 1.01 ± 0.28 ppm respectively. Cadmium and lead concentrations in the estimated tissues of the examined cattle exceeded the acceptable maximum concentrations that have been adopted by many countries. The adverse health effect due to consumption of this meat, liver and kidneys were discussed.https://avmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_197659_c51e9c5d18200a8222d1cc998addf77d.pdfAssiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091001HISTOLOGICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL PORTIONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN MALE RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNCULUS)11917497310.21608/avmj.2009.174973ENTAHANYM.M.A. ELNAGYCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production,
Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.D.I.OSMANDep.t of Anatomy, Fac. of Vet. Med., University of Khartoum, SudanJournal Article20090912Histilogical, ultrastructural and histochemical studies were conducted on the small intestine of 50 Blanc de Bouscat male rabbits; the age varied between 0-30 days. The result showed that the progress in age has a pronounced effect on the shape and length of the intestinal villi of the small intestine. The mucosa of the small intestine was lined by simple striated columnar epithelium with prominent goblet cells. The crypts opened adjacent to the bases of the villi as simple, branched, tubular invaginations. The mucosa of the small intestine was covered by columnar cells that contained apical microvilli, oval nucleus, dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles and electron dense material in all age groups. The crypts showed some epithelial cells with dilated intercellular spaces and contained apical microvilli, mitochondria, granules with electron dense material, rough endoplasmic reticulum and elongated nucleus. There were a few cells with spherical secretory granules of different size above the nucleus and other cells of polymorphic secretory granules of different sizes beneath and lateral to the nucleus. Positive reaction to PAS diastase resistant material and diastase-digested material (glycogen) was clearly seen in the surface and crypts epithelial cells of different ages.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091001ٍSOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS PROFILE IN ILL-THRIFT FRIESIAN CALVES11017497410.21608/avmj.2009.174974ENN.M.AREFDpt. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.M.RABD ELLAHDpt. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.G.F.KHAMISAnimal Health Research Institute, Assiut, EgyptM.ABDEL-MOAETYDept. of Biochemistry, Fac. of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptA.A.AAMERDpt. of Animal Medicine,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20090810
Trace elements are the basic components of enzymes and co-enzymes in the biochemistry of ruminants. They function in all aspects of life, from energy production, blood homeostasis, to digestion and reproduction. Thus, their deficiency often leads to sub-optimal growth (ill-thrift) and infertility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate some trace elements concentrations and the activity of antioxidant systems in ill-thrift calves. Twenty calves were divided in two groups: ten in group 1 (control) and ten in group 2, which showed sub-optimal growth. Complete blood picture, trace elements profile and total antioxidants capacity were evaluated. Results showed a significant reduction (P<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span>0.01) in the blood serum concentration of copper and cobalt associated with microcytic normochromic anemia. Also a significant reduction (P<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span>0.01) in the activity of total antioxidants was evident in ill-thrift calves. In conclusion, a state of sub-optimal growth (ill-thrift) in calves was largely attributed to trace element deficiency, in particular cupper and cobalt deficiency that may cause reduction in the total antioxidant capacity, with a lower ability to reduce oxidative compounds.
Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003SOME HEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY AFFECTIONS IN CAMELS11017497910.21608/avmj.2009.174979ENEMANM.A. EL-NASERDept. of Biochemistry and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases.
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab.G.F.A.KHAMISDept. of Biochemistry and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases.
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab.Journal Article20090815This study was carried out on 40 camels in Assuite governorate, 10 of them apparently healthy, 20, suffering from moderate respiratory signs and 10 cases suffering from severe respiratory signs. The animals were followed until slaughter and post mortem examination showed severe congested lungs. Blood samples were collected from the clinically healthy and diseased groups of camels. Two blood samples were obtained from each animal, one as a whole blood and the other in the form of blood for obtaining clean non – haemolysed serum .Hematological studies revealed the presence of high significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in diseased camels when compared with clinically healthy ones. There was also a high significant increase in total leucocytes count, significant increase in neutrophile, and eosinophil cells were recorded in diseased cases. The study of biochemical parameters revealed high significant elevation in the values of AST, ALT, and ALP activities, also in blood urea and serum creatinine and presence of high significant decrease in the levels of total protein and albumin of diseased cases. From the previously mentioned data, it was clear that respiratory affections in camels cause significant changes in blood picture and liver and kidney functions.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003SOME NORMAL CONSTITUENTS IN SERUM AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN SUDANESE CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIES)1817498210.21608/avmj.2009.174982ENS.H.AHMEDDept. of Biomedical Science,
College of Vet. Med. and Animal Production,
Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.SHADIAABDEL ATTI OMERDept. of Biomedical Science,
College of Vet. Med. and Animal Production,
Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.A.A.GAMEELDept. of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Med., University of Khartoum, SudanJournal Article20090903Thirty clinically healthy male Sudanese dromedary camels were used in this study to determine some normal constituents of their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). On physical examination the CSF was clear and its viscosity was comparable to that of water. The CSF normal concentration were as follows total protein (66.1mg/100ml), albumin (26.3±0.02mg/100ml), urea (17.93± 0.27), uric acid (2.17±0.04mg/ml), creatinine (1.38±0.02 mg/100ml), glucose (167.59±2mg/100ml), Na (121.67±0.49mmol/L), K (3.53±0.07mmol/L), Ca (5.65±0.02mmolL), Fe (48.30±0.06µg/100ml), Mg (2.28±0.06)mg/100ml), and the activities of the enzymes ALT(7.37±0.18U/L), AST(21.13±0.29U/L) and ALP (76.0±0.38U/L) and their corresponding values in serum were (7400± 144mg/100ml); (3763±150mg/100ml); (28.7±1.42mg/100ml); (3.05± 0.2mg/ml); (1.56±0.12mg/100ml); (162.16±18.8mg/100ml); (125.23± 3mmol/L); (3.74±0.16mmol/L); (8.12±0.18mg/100ml); (59.67± 4.08µg/100ml), (1.56±0.137mg/100ml); (11.67±1.75U/L); (34.73± 1.87U/L) and (84.50±1.50U/L) respectively. Serum had higher concentration of all the studied parameters than the CSF, except for the glucose level, which did not show any significant difference between the two fluids. The obtained values were discussed with other researchers reports in camels as well as with cerebrospinal fluid constituents in llamas and other domestic animals.
Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF ALBENDAZOLE AND MIRAZID ON FASCIOLIASIS IN CATTLE1917498510.21608/avmj.2009.174985ENA-R.M.KHATEIBAnimal Health Research Institute, Beni-Suef.Journal Article20090901The present investigation was carried out to clearify the efficacy of Albendazole at dose rate 15 mg/kg b.wt. and Mirazid (<em>Commiphora Mol-Mol or Myrrh)</em>at dose rate 10 mg/kg b.wt in treatment of fascioliasis in cattle. The results revealed that Albendazole resulted in efficacy 100% but in the 5<sup>th</sup> week post-treatment, reshedding of eggs in the faecees occurred, meaning that Albendazole is effective against mature flukes only. However Mirazid revealed that it is effective at 5<sup>th</sup> week until 12<sup>th </sup>week and its efficacy was 90% and 85% in 3 successive days or 6 successive days doses of treatment, respectively. It is concluded that Mirazid proved to be effective anti-fascioliasis drug but need development to prolonged times of administration of the drug.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003NEUROPATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF METHOMYL ON SPRAGE-DAWELY RATS11117498710.21608/avmj.2009.174987ENK.RADADDept. of Pathology,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut UniversityA.H.MOSTAFADept. of Pathology, Animal Research Institute, Assiut BranchM.S.YOUSSEFDept. of Pathology,
Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut UniversityJournal Article20090801
However pesticides contribute to a dramatic increase in crop yields and help to limit the spread of certain diseases by controlling pests, there is a strong evidence for persistent CNS damage following acute or chronic exposure to pesticides. The present study was carried out to investigate the neuropathological effects of methomyl, the common used carbamate pesticide in agriculture, on the brains of Sprage-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into two groups and treated orally with one dose of methomyl (10 mg/kg b.w.) and (2 mg/kg b.w., three times weekly). After one week and 3 months, brains from first and second groups were taken for histopathological examination, respectively. Methomyl significantly increased the numbers of necrosed neurons in the hippocampus of both animal groups compared to untreated controls. Also, methomyl caused neuronal degeneration and necrosis in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and some motor nuclei and induced glial proliferation and vacuolation of neuropil. In conclusions, methomyl induced neuronal degeneration and necrosis particularly in the hippocampus of SD rats.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY IN RATS12017498910.21608/avmj.2009.174989ENE.E.MEHANADept. of Pathology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria UniversityA-R. M.A.MEKIDept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit UniversityJournal Article20090910The toxicity of lead (Pb) is of concern to public health due to its persistence in the environment. Brain is one of the major target organs where severe neurological alternations may be triggered after exposure. Pb could disrupt prooxidant/antioxidant balance of tissue which leads to physiological dysfunction. Green tea extract (GTE) is antioxidant, free radicals scavenger and has chelating property. This study was conducted to investigate effect of GTE on reducing Pb toxicity of the brain of male rats. Four groups of male rats (each 15 rats) were utilized as following: control, GTE–group (1.5% w/v), Pb–group (0.4% lead acetate in distilled water), Pb + GTE-group. Rats received GTE and/or lead orally in drinking water for 6 weeks. Levels of oxidant and antioxidant [lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxides (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were measured using colorimetric methods. Pb concentration in brain tissue was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. Histological sections of brain tissues were prepared and examined using the routine pathological technique. Pb concentrations in Pb-treated group were higher in brain tissue than controls. In Pb-group, levels of LPO were higher while, NO and GSH were lower in plasma than controls. Plasma level of TAC was lower in Pb- treated group than control. Levels of SOD; GST in tissue were lower in Pb-exposed rats versus control. GTE co-administrated with Pb appeared more effective in reduction of Pb contents, LPO and increase antioxidant status in plasma and brain tissue comparing to Pb-group. Also, severe destructive changes were observed in the brain tissue, treated with Pb alone, represented by meningitis, neuronal degeneration, cerebral infarction, interphase encephalitis and purkinje cell layer degeneration and necrosis in the cerebellum. While the cases treated with lead and GTE, showed marked improvement in the cellular structure of the brain, represented by vacuolated neurons and absence of necrosis of the cerebellar purkinje cell layer. The data from this study suggest that lead can induce toxicity by interfering with delicate balance between pro- and antioxidants. The treatment of rats with GTE combined with Pb could enhance antioxidant/ detoxification system which consequently reduced oxidative stress and Pb burden in the brain thus potentially reducing Pb toxicity and tissue damage. Running title: Lead toxicity: Effect of Green Tea Extract on Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain.
Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM CHICKENS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)11817499410.21608/avmj.2009.174994ENFATMAM. MOHAMEDAssiut Provincial Laboratory,
Animal Health Research Institute.M.A.MOHAMEDDept. Poultry Diseases, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptNABAWIAM. SHATAAssiut Provincial Laboratory,
Animal Health Research InstituteA.M.A.MANAAAssiut Provincial Laboratory,
Animal Health Research InstituteJournal Article20090804The occurrence and identification of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. using a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) in chickens, as well as histopathological changes in experimentally infected chickens and antibiotic sensitivity test were studied. 200 samples (intestine, liver) were collected from freshly dead bird for bacteriological examination. 28 <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were found in chicken samples with overall percentage 14%, by conventional culturing and biochemical reactions. Seven representing isolates were confirmed by a multiplex-PCR (m-PCR) using the three primers pair (ST11-F, ST15-R), (S1-F, S4-R) and Fli15-F, Fli15-R for identification of the most frequent <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovars. Our results revealed that isolation rate of serovar Enteritidis was 57.14% (16/28) and 42.86% (12/28) were identified as serovarTyphimurium. Histopathologically of the experimentally infected chicken showed thickening of the alveolar wall, blood vessel wall and edema in the lung. Moreover, mononuclear cell infiltration in cardiac muscles and hepatic edema with heterophil cells infiltration in infected liver was also seen. The current study demonstrated that all of 28 <em>Salmonella</em> strains were susceptible to lincospectin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycyclin, spectinomycin, colistin but were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and gentamycin.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003ETIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ENTERITIS IN COMMERCIAL RABBITS11917499810.21608/avmj.2009.174998ENAZHARM. HASSANDept. of Bacteriology,
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab.NEVENA. EL-NISRDept. of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut LabEMANM.A. EL-NASERDept of Biochemistry and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases,
Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Lab.Journal Article20090817This study includes 123 rabbits aged from 1-3 months of both sex. Twenty rabbits were suffered from enteritis, and the others were found apparently clinically healthy and 8 rabbits were chosen to be the control group. These rabbits were used for determination of the causative agents of enteritis either bacterial or viral. These rabbits obtained from commercial farms. All rabbits were subjected to careful clinical and laboratory examination. Faecal samples were obtained directly from the rectum of each rabbit under aseptic conditions in sterile container, examined for bacteriological and virological tests for detection the causative agents of enteritis. Faecal examination showed the following Pathogenic and non –pathogenic organisms in respective order as follow: 45% pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>, 30 % non–pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>, 5%<em> Clostridium piliform</em>., 20%<em> Stapholoccus Spp < /em>, 30%<em> Rota virus</em> and 15%<em> corona virus</em>. The gross picture was similar in both bacterial and viral enteritis as the intestine was congested and filled with gasses and fluids. Microscopically the intestine in cases of viral enteritis showed short, atrophic villi and its epithelium was degenerated and necrosed. Also the lamina propria was infiltrated with lymphocytes. In case of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Clostridium piliform</em> infection the intestine showed atrophic villi, degenerated epithelium and the lamina propria was edematous, congested and infiltrated with different leukocytes. In case of <em>S. aureus</em> infection the intestine showed increased number of goblet cell in the epithelium and neutrophilic cell infiltration in the lamina propria. There were a significant increase in the levels of erythrocytic counts (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocytic counts (TWBCs), neutrophils and lymphocytes and these were usually with cases of enteritis and loss of body fluids.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN LAYERS AND BROILER BREEDERS IN SYRIA11217500210.21608/avmj.2009.175002ENM.Y.ARNAOUTDept of Animal Disease,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama, Al-Baath University, Syria.M.M.FADELDept of Animal Disease,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama, Al-Baath University, SyriaI.M.MOHRADept. Animal Production, Fac. of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.Journal Article20090907In this study, Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) was diagnosed in layer and broiler breeder farms in Syria between 2006 and 2008. Clinical signs and gross lesions were typical to acute ILT infections. At necropsy of affected birds, haemorrhage, diphtheritic changes and caseous material were found in trachea and larynx. Mortality rates varied from 5% to 29%. Laryngotracheal tissue samples from each field case were collected and prepared for virus isolation. Virus isolation was carried out by inoculation of embryonated specific pathogen free eggs (SPF). Several opaque plaques on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were observed after seven days of inoculation. The polymerase chain reaction PCR was utilized to confirm the presence of ILTV DNA. Positive results by PCR were observed in ILTV isolates obtained from field specimens. No bands were detected in negative controls. Our results indicate the presence and circulation of ILTV in chicken Syrian farms, which probably have a high pathogenicity in the field. Further studies and prevention strategies on avian infectious Laryngotracheitis in Syria should be carried out.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003ASSOCIATED PROFILES OF VIRULENCE GENE MARKERS IN CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM HEALTHY AND DISEASED BROILER CHICKENS WITH NECROTIC ENTERITIS11817500510.21608/avmj.2009.175005ENM.A.MOHAMEDDept. of Poultry Diseases,
Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut Univ., Assiut-EgyptSYLVIAO. AHMEDDept. Animal Hygiene and Zoonosis, Fac.of Vet. Med.,
Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.T.Y.ABDEL MOTELIBDept. of Poultry Diseases,
Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut Univ., Assiut-EgyptJournal Article20090912<em>Clostridium perfringens</em> induced necrotic enteritis (NE) and subclinical disease have become important threats to poultry health and is one of the main causes of losses in broiler flocks due to high mortalities and reduction in growth rate as well as enterotoxemias in domestic animals and humans . The mechanism of virulence of <em>C. perfringens</em>, a bacterium causing necrotic enteritis in birds, results largely from its ability to produce toxins. A study was set up to look the rate of carriage of <em>C. perfringens</em> among broilers with different heath status, incidence rate of the different toxin genotypes of <em>C. perfringens </em>in healthy and diseased birds and, lastly, the relative abundance of <em>cpe</em>, <em>cpb2 </em>and<em> netB </em>virulence genes. Broiler chickens from healthy flocks were sampled by cloacal swabs, while intestinal and liver samples of birds suffering from necrotic enteritis were analysed. A total of 47 (83.9%) isolates was obtained from 56 examined pooled samples (n=4) of broiler chickens with clinical problems and 14 (51.85%) isolates were obtained from 27 pooled samples (n=4) from broiler chickens without clinical problems. Seroneutralization with mice or guinea pigs has been used to type each toxin, but this conventional method has some disadvantages. Therefore, we used a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) assay with primers amplifying fragments of alpha (<em>cpa</em>), beta (<em>cpb</em>), epsilon (<em>etx</em>), iota (<em>iap < /em>), for genotyping of isolated <em>C. perfringens</em> strains. All 61 broiler chicken <em>C. perfringens</em> isolates were shown to carry the <em>cpa</em> gene but not <em>cpb, etx and iA</em> genes, signifying that all isolates represented type A. For the first time the associated profiles of the following virulence genes [ <em>cpe, cpb2 </em>(beta-2 toxin) and the newly described pore forming toxin gene (<em>netB)</em>] were determined among Egyptian isolated <em>C. perfringens</em> strains. None of the isolates contained the enterotoxin gene that may indicate the enterotoxin of <em>C. perfringens </em>does not play important role in the occurrence of Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. <em>netB </em>was almost always found in outbreak isolates, suggesting a positive correlation of <em>netB </em>toxin gene with the diseased status that may explain its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Whereas <em>cpb2 </em>was found in healthy and diseased bird isolates that suggest there is a weak or no relationship between beta2 toxin and necrotic enteritis in birds. So this study throw novel insights into the presence and distribution of <em>C. perfringens</em> types as well as virulence-associated genes in field strains, which will help us to understand the pathogenesis of disease in poultry and more comprehensively characterize <em>C. perfringens</em> in future studies to put a suitable strategy for prevention and control.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS AND FETAL QUANTIFICATION IN DAMASCUS GOATS USING TRANSABDOMINAL REAL-TIME ULTRASONOGRAPHY1717500710.21608/avmj.2009.175007ENRIHABM. ABDELGHAFARCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production,
Sudan University of Science and TechnologySAFAAA. ABDALLAHMinistry of Agriculture, Animal Wealth and Irrigation, Khartoum StateB.H.AHMEDInstitute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine,
The National Rabat UniversityJournal Article20090902
The assessment of an early and reliable pregnancy diagnosis in goats is very important for limiting the number of non productive days in goat herds. The present study was conducted to detect pregnancy and to estimate fetal quantification in a flock of Damascus goats. A total of thirty multiparous Damascus goats were used in the present study. They were divided into three groups according to their estimated date of gestation. Group 1 (n =9) was between 21-35 days of gestation, group 2 (n =10) was between 36-55 days of gestation and the third group (n=11) was between 56-75 days of gestation. Transabdominal ultrasound scanning was done while the animal was on a dorsal recumbancy and well restrained with a pillow put underneath. Real-time ultrasound scanner equipped with switchable frequency (5-7.5 MHz) micro convex probe was used in the study. The overall accuracy for pregnancy diagnosis was 100%. The accuracy for fetal quantification for all predictions was found to be 90.9 %. The overall accuracy for determining single fetuses, twins and triplets was 100, 85.7 and 50 % respectively. It is concluded that ultrasound is a safe, rapid and reliable method in detecting pregnancy and estimating fetal quantification in Damascus goats.Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut Veterinary Medical Journal1012-59735512320091003STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF KOREAN RED GINSENG® AQUEOUS EXTRACTS ON THE FERTILIZING CAPACITY OF RABBIT SEMEN11617500910.21608/avmj.2009.175009ENROWIDAM. RIADAnimal Reproduction Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Centre, El-Haram, Giza, Egypt.T.S.T.SELEEMAnimal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptDALALS. MOHAMEDAnimal Reproduction Research Institute,
Agricultural Research Centre, El-Haram, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20090910
One hundred sixty eight sexually mature Baladi Black (BB) rabbits (26 bucks aged 9 months and 142 monoparous does in two sequence parities) were used in the present study. Semen was collected artificially, pooled and diluted with sodium citrate diluent. Aqueous extracts of Korean red ginseng® were added to the diluted semen at different concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75 µl/ ml, then the diluted semen was divided into two parts, the first part was stored at refrigeration temperature (4 - 6 <sup>o</sup>C) for up to 3 days while the second part was incubated at 37 <sup>o</sup>C for up to 4 hrs. Percentages of sperm motility; alive and normal spermatozoa and acrosomal defects were recorded at the different stages of the preservation. Sperm penetration into estrous cow cervical mucus was estimated during diluted semen incubation. Evaluation of the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT); glutamic –pyruvic transaminase (GPT); acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in the BB rabbit semen were measured during preservation. One hundred and forty two rabbit does in two consecutive parities were artificially inseminated using either the diluted semen free or supplemented with 50 µl Korean red ginseng extract/ 1 ml diluted semen (the level which showed the ideal effects on semen quality) to estimate the fertility traits. In both parts of the supplemented diluted rabbit semen with Korean red ginseng® extract showed that there was significant improvement in: (P ≤ 0.05) sperm motility, the percentages of alive spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa and storageability, while the acrosomal defects percentages were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased. Sperm penetration into estrous cow cervical mucus were arranged significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in descending order as obtained by supplemented diluted semen with Korean red ginseng® extract (50, 75, 25 µl/ ml and the control ones respectively). Also there were significant (P <strong>≤ </strong>0.05) decreases in the mean values of each of GOT, GPT, ACP and ALP either during preservation at refrigeration conditions or at incubation temperature. Conception rate, Kindling rate and litter size values were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) better in rabbit does inseminated artificially by using diluted semen supplemented with 50 µl/ ml aqueous extracts of Korean red ginseng® than those inseminated using extended semen free- Korean red ginseng extract. In conclusion, addition of Korean red ginseng® on diluted rabbit semen might improve the semen quality during preservation at different temperatures and fertility traits of rabbit does inseminated artificially. It was found that the ideal level was the addition of Korean red ginseng aqueous extracts with 50 µl / 1 ml diluted semen.
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